Economic Security

The analysis of the short-term indicators' dynamics of the country's economic security for the period from January 2020 to December 2022 was carried out. The system of indicators includes four projections: the sphere of the real economy, the social sphere, the monetary and financial sphere, and the foreign economic sphere. In each projection, three indicators were selected. They are characterized by independence from each other and reflect to the greatest extent the properties of the corresponding direction of economic security. When selecting indicators, the recommendations of the current Economic Security Strategy, as well as open access to them in official sources were also taken into account. For the organization of monitoring of economic security, the application of methods of reducing indicators to a dimensionless form with subsequent calculation of synthetic indicators, i.e. integral indices of economic security, is proposed. In this case, the traffic light model is used, which contains three risk zones. If the indicator value is below the critical level, then it falls into the red zone. If the value of the indicator is between the critical and target levels, then it falls into the yellow zone. If it is above the target level, then it falls into the green zone. During this period, the development of two crises was registered. The first of them is related to the COVID-19 pandemic, the second one is associated with the introduction of economic sanctions against Russia in connection with the situation in Ukraine. The dynamic analysis of each of the 12 indicators, generalized projection indices, as well as the integral index of economic security in the context of crises is carried out. In addition, a comparative analysis of the impact of economic crises on the economies of Russia, the United States and the euro zone is given. The proposed indicator systems for operational monitoring of economic security can be effectively used in the practical activities of management bodies to ensure an adequate level of economic security.

The article examines the evolution of anti-inflationary methods of regulating the social sphere amidst pre-mobilization and mobilization economy in the context of socio-economic security. The achievement of specific economic targets directly affects the well-being of the population. At the same time, changes determine the ability of the system to self-preservation. The author of the article draws a parallel between biological and economic evolution using the example of the analysis of economic indicators. The author examines the patterns of events of the new economic reality. Economic indicators are used not only as a product of statistical analysis, but also as a solution in the dynamic movement of a previously existing model of the socio-economic sphere in the process of long-term transformations related to strategic directions of long-term planning in the interests of socio-economic and national security.The author evaluates and analyzes the price factors. On the basis of these factors, the inflation rate is determined from 2014 to 2022, both according to a public survey and based on data from Rosstat and the Bank of Russia. The results of the study showed the need to use a new economic model to increase the incomes of the population, taking into account price factors.The practical significance of the study is contained in the application of the proposals made by legislative and executive authorities in the formation of economic, monetary, and pricing policies amidst the mobilization economy at the present stage.FUNDING: The article has been prepared in accordance with the topic of the state task Reg. No. RD 121030500096–5; Reg. No. IKRBS "New challenges and threats to socio-economic security: measures of budgetary and financial regulation".

The results of scientific research aimed at ensuring Russia's technological sovereignty during the period of digital transformation and large-scale economic sanctions are given. The analysis of external challenges and threats to the economic security of Russian companies associated with their low susceptibility to innovation was conducted. The assessment of the liberal economic model and its negative impact on the destruction of the potential of the industrial complex is presented. The most important tasks of the new scientific, technical and industrial policy to ensure the competitive advantages of Russian companies amidst technological blockade are identified. As the basic direction of the radical modernization of the Russian economy with a change in its structure and transition to new technological and world economic patterns as a result of the fourth technological revolution, the new industrialization of Russia is considered. This should ensure the economic sovereignty of the country and increase the efficiency of material production to increase the level and quality of life. Within the framework of the current socio-economic system, taking into account the conditions of interaction with other countries, the implementation of the planned promising directions of the new industrialization of the country is carried out. To assess the opportunities and threats in the implementation of the tasks of new industrialization that affect its effectiveness, the analysis of technical and economic factors that ensure the planned development in combination with the classical political economic methodological approach linking the development of productive forces with the necessary transformation of the system of public relations is used. To achieve economic security based on the implementation of new industrialization, it is necessary to improve the management of the scientific and technological complex and plan its development, adjust the industrial strategy, carry out personnel training measures in advance and accelerate long-term RD, as well as strengthen raw materials, provide financial support and improve infrastructure, taking into account the necessary requirements amidst a new world order.

The article is devoted to the study of the world experience in the implementation of the import substitution policy and food supply strategies in various territories. Various approaches and their effectiveness were considered on the example of specific countries, such as China, India, Argentina, the USA, the EU countries and Canada. The author analyzes both successful and unsuccessful attempts at import substitution and food security, identifying key success factors and the main reasons for failure. Based on the data collected, recommendations to improve approaches and strategies in these areas were given.

The development of economic security requires institutional changes and consideration of specific regional, sectoral and country specifics. Despite the considerable interest and contribution of economic scientists to the theory and methodology of economic security, it should be noted that there are certain gaps in methodology and tools for the development of the green economy as an economic security component at the regional level. These arguments determined the choice of the topic, purpose and objectives of the study.To solve the tasks set, general scientific and applied research methods were used. They are as follows: economic-mathematical and economic-statistical methods for analyzing and evaluating trends in the economic and ecological development of the region, bibliometric and content analysis of the National Electronic Library E-library to confirm the research hypothesis.The information base of the research included the regulatory and legislative framework on research issues, materials of international and regional scientific and practical conferences, materials of periodicals, materials of electronic resources and mass media, results of socio-economic research, service and reference information and results of own research.This study is of an applied nature. The research purpose was to substantiate the formalization of the project of the regional cluster Green Ports of Primorye, which will allow companies to embark on the path of transition to a green economy for the collection and disposal of ship waste, which is especially important for the Primorsky Territory.

The article is devoted to the problems of state regulation of structural transformations in the Republic of Belarus. The main methodological approaches to the state regulation of structural changes are considered; the basic principles of their practical application are substantiated. Based on the empirical data, periods that differ in terms of approaches to state regulation of structural transformations of the Belarusian economy, the tools used and the direction of economic policy are particularized. Within the framework of the proposed periodization, an assessment of the intensity of structural shifts under various types of economic policy was carried out. With the strengthening of administrative methods of state regulation, the speed and intensity of structural shifts decreased. Even while maintaining a significant role of the state in the economy, the strengthening of market mechanisms, primarily free pricing, contributes to progressive structural changes due to the convergence of price proportions in the national economy and the economic systems of developed countries. The challenges and threats of the current stage of structural transformation in the conditions of increasing sanctions pressure and external restrictions are considered. These challenges and threats include the risk of simplifying the structure of the economy and reducing economic complexity, increasing dependence on traditional industries with low added value, and the collapse of fast-growing promising sectors. The features and limitations of state regulation of structural changes at the present stage are analyzed.

Increasing the role of information and knowledge in the modern economy updates the research of complex problems of the regional information space. The research purpose was to analyze the role of the information space in ensuring the regional economic security. The conducted research allowed to identify the following methodological aspects of the information space: the nature, purpose, objectives, principles and a system of indicators. Within the framework of a systematic approach, the information space is considered as a set of information carriers and this information itself. Global goals and objectives of the information space development are aimed at ensuring sustainable development. Local goals and objectives are aimed at increasing the level of informatization of social sectors, as well as public and municipal administration. The principle of security is considered as the leading principle of the information space creation. The information space plays a special role in the digital economy, in which knowledge and information are the main production factors. A model of the influence of the information space quality on the regional economic security is presented. For its evaluation, indicators characterizing the current state, development prospects, competitiveness, standard of living, labor market, as well as the state of medicine and health of the regional population are proposed.Based on the indicators of the development of the digital economy in the region, the state of the information space is characterized. Modeling has shown a significant impact of the information space quality on the regional economic security.FUNDING. The publication was prepared with the financial support of a grant from Pskov State University for the event "Conducting fundamental scientific research and exploratory scientific research by small scientific groups under the leadership of a leading scientist"; Application No. science2022_2-8561-6522.

At present, our country and virtually all the BRICS countries and the Global South are facing unprecedented economic pressures from the Western Paradigm. The author conducts a detailed analysis of the countries' financial situation and current trends. The primary goal of public policy in the development of the financial and payment system is defined. A rationale for the need and a proposal for unified international or block rules for settlements and payments is given.

In combination with industrial safety management, quality management, environmental management, occupational safety and health management, an essential component of the integrated industrial safety management system is the management of industrial safety culture. Together with the culture of industrial safety, the culture of quality, the ecological culture of industrial processes of industrial companies, occupational safety culture is an integral part of the integrated system of industrial safety culture. The study of theoretical and practical aspects of occupational safety culture is necessary for the development of corporate programs and standards of industrial safety culture as one of the modules of the integrated safety management system of industrial companies.

A huge number of sanctions imposed by the collective West against the Russian Federation since February 24, 2022 has affected almost all areas of the economy. At the same time, the steel industry took a heavy blow. In 2021, all Russian metallurgists received windfall profits and huge dividends and largely filled the budget system with tax deductions. However, in 2022, the holders of controlling stakes in steel companies were trying to mitigate the consequences of the sanctions. They have transferred their authorized capital to Russia, looked for new markets, and discussed with the government of the Russian Federation the reduction of the tax burden. The instability of the geopolitical situation leaves an imprint on the ability of iron and steel industry corporations to form revenues of the budget system. To support the industry, the state and metallurgists should develop joint projects and increase domestic steel consumption. The results of the analysis of tax calculations of steel companies with a budget system showed a reduction in taxes due to a drop in profits and the closure of trade at PJSC Severstal and PJSC MMK. However, the Novolipetsk Combine, which was initially not subject to sanctions, retained export trade, as evidenced by the VAT refund increased by 60% from the federal budget. In addition, excises introduced in 2022 to further support the budget system. This study may be of interest to participants in the educational process, as well as to those who are interested in the peculiarities of the economic development of individual sectors of industrial production. Acknowledgments:The article was prepared in accordance with the state task for the Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the topic of research No. FMGZ-2022-0012 "Factors and methods of sustainable socio-economic development of territorial systems in changing conditions of the external and internal environment".