Sarcopenia and its diagnosis

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Abstract

An increased life expectancy is associated with an increased number of persons suffering from sarcopenia, as manifested by a loss of muscle mass, strength, and body functions (decreased performance) due to aging processes.

The development of sarcopenia significantly reduces the quality of life of patients and worsens the results of treatment in the event of life-threatening conditions. Unfortunately, clinicians underestimate its diagnosis and do not pay enough attention to the muscle conditions, as well as the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.

To date, active research and search for methods for diagnosing sarcopenia and similar pathological conditions of the muscle tissue (cachexia, fatty infiltration, and inflammatory lesions of muscle tissue) are conducted. Various scales are used to detect sarcopenia at the prehospital stage. An example is the Strength, Assistance with Walking, Rising from a Chair, Climbing Stairs, and Falls questionnaire that assess the following indicators: lifting a load, walking around the room, getting out of bed, climbing the stairs, and involuntary falls. The use of scales is limited in a hospital setting; thus, instrumental diagnostic methods are more informative, particularly bioimpedance, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, but the most in demand is ultrasound imaging of the muscle tissue.

The dynamics of the severity of sarcopenia is a promising method used to assess nutritional support and rehabilitation measures in patients under intensive care.

About the authors

Anton I. Zakrevsky

Central State Medical Academy of Department of Presidential Affair

Email: antonzakrevskiy@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6043-1617
SPIN-code: 9590-7661

MD

Russian Federation, 19 Marshala Timoshenko str., Moscow, 121359

Anna A. Fedorova

Central State Medical Academy of Department of Presidential Affairs; Clinical hospital 1 of the Department of Presidential Affairs of the Russian Federation

Email: dr.fedorova.anna@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4556-8375
SPIN-code: 9950-4903

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)

Russian Federation, 19 Marshala Timoshenko str., Moscow, 121359; Moscow

Igor N. Pasechnik

Central State Medical Academy of Department of Presidential Affairs

Email: pasigor@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8121-4160
SPIN-code: 4433-1418
Scopus Author ID: 7004439316
ResearcherId: K-3814-2015

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

Russian Federation, 19 Marshala Timoshenko str., Moscow, 121359

Dmitry E. Kutepov

Central State Medical Academy of Department of Presidential Affairs; Clinical hospital 1 of the Department of Presidential Affairs of the Russian Federation

Author for correspondence.
Email: kutepovde@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7236-6288
SPIN-code: 6310-0172

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

Russian Federation, 19 Marshala Timoshenko str., Moscow, 121359; Moscow

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Copyright (c) 2021 Zakrevsky A.I., Fedorova A.A., Pasechnik I.N., Kutepov D.E.

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