Impact of splenectomy and organ-preserving surgeries on certain indicators of liver functional state

the study is devoted to a comparative analysis of the effects of splenectomy and organ-preserving resections on liver functional state through the evaluation of key biochemical parameters. Splenic injuries constitute a significant share of abdominal surgery; however, data on the effects of different resection volumes on liver function remain fragmented. The aim of the work is to assess the dynamics of total protein, urea, and ?-lipoproteins in blood serum after complete and partial splenectomy in order to substantiate the advantages of organ-preserving approaches. The relevance is determined by the increase in trauma rates and the need to optimize surgical strategy with consideration of functional consequences. The novelty lies in the comprehensive comparison of biochemical markers under different resection volumes within a unified experimental design. The experiments were performed on 55 rabbits weighing 1.5–3.0 kg in four series: splenectomy (n=15), resection of 1/3 of the spleen (n=15), resection of 2/3 of the organ (n=15), and control (n=10). Surgeries were performed under local anesthesia with novocaine in accordance with international bioethical principles. Biochemical indicators were assessed before surgery and dynamically at 7, 21, and 60 days: total protein by the biuret method, urea by the color reaction, and ?-lipoproteins by the Burstein and Samay method. Statistical processing was carried out using the Biostat program with Student’s t-test and Bonferroni and Tukey corrections. The results demonstrate pronounced, volume-dependent disturbances in liver function after splenic surgery. After splenectomy, total protein decreased to 46.4±2.58 g/L within one week, followed by recovery to 51.73±3.5 g/L at three weeks and partial normalization by day 60. Urea levels after complete removal of the organ decreased to 5.57±1.07 mmol/L on day 21, while after resection of 1/3 there was an increase to 10.67±1.38 mmol/L in the first week. The content of ?-lipoproteins after splenectomy decreased 2.26-fold by day 21, while after resection of 1/3 it increased to 0.787±0.158 absorbance units. The data obtained indicate that the spleen is involved in the regulation of hepatic protein and lipid metabolism, and that the resection volume directly correlates with the severity of functional impairments. Splenectomy causes the most profound changes with a long recovery period, which supports the advisability of organ-preserving surgeries whenever technically feasible. The practical significance lies in the justification of a differentiated approach to selecting the extent of surgical intervention.

splenectomy, organ-preserving surgery, liver function, biochemical markers, experimental surgery