Comparative analysis of inflectional categories of nouns in the Arabic and Avar languages

the article is devoted to the comparative analysis of inflectional categories of nouns in Arabic and Avar, the former of which, according to the traditional classification, belongs to the Semitic languages, and the latter belongs to the North Caucasian language family. The languages under study are both genetically and structurally different, so the grammatical categories of nouns in these languages have both common and very different features. It is noted that the category of gender in Arabic and the category of grammatical class in Avar are based on completely different principles of assessing the surrounding reality by native speakers of different systems of languages. If the Avar language has a binary opposition of number, then Arabic also has a dual number used to denote two objects, persons or concepts. In Arabic, there are seven types of declension for declinable names and one type for indeclinable names. In the Avar language, a noun in the nominative case does not have its own indicator, i.e. the stem coincides with the form of the word. The indicator of number – plurality – is added to the stem. In Arabic, case is determined by the role of the name in the sentence and in the inflected words. It is expressed by means of case suffixes (vowels or letters at the end of a noun). The accusative case is used primarily in combinations with directly transitive verbs. The case composition of the Avar language is characterized by the absence of the accusative case. Instead of the accusative (to express the real – closest – object of a transitive verb), the nominative case is always used. The case design of localization and orientation is a feature characteristic only of the Avar language.

the Arabic language, the Avar language, noun, inflection, comparison