Influence of Cultivated Crops and Fertilizers on Soil Respiration (Long-Term Field Experiment of Timiryazev Agricultural Academy)

Cover Page

Cite item

Full Text

Open Access Open Access
Restricted Access Access granted
Restricted Access Subscription Access

Abstract

The study is devoted to assessing the impact of cultivated crops and applied fertilizers on soil respiration—the most intensive CO 2 flux from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere. The object was the Long-term field experiment of the Russian State Agrarian University–Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, where the main crops of the Non-Chernozem zone—winter rye, barley, potato, and bare fallow, which are included in crop rotation with liming and application of different fertilizers variants—were selected for measurements. They were carried out by the method of closed dynamic chambers with portable infrared gas analyzers from May 2023 to April 2024. They were divided into two series: vegetation period and period with bare soil, the boundary between which was plowing. Comparing soil respiration during the growing season for individual plots, it was found that most of them were characterized by a wide range of values, and the CO 2 emission rates were not statistically different. The dependence of soil respiration on air temperature and soil moisture revealed for some plots is not universal. Two-way analysis of variance showed a significant effect of crop and fertilizer on soil respiration separately, but insignificance of their cumulative effect. The rate of CO 2 emission from the soil naturally increased in the variants: no fertilizer < NPK < NPK + manure, and when averaged over crops increased in the sequence potato < fallow < barley < winter rye. For soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content, the identified sequences were repeated for fertilizer variants and were not repeated for crops where the predecessor in the crop rotation and the position of the plot in the microrelief were found to be more important factors. During the period with bare soil, averaging was carried out for fertilizer variants, no significant differences were found between them, and quantitative estimates of soil respiration under snow cover were 10‒20 times lower than in the vegetation period.

Full Text

Restricted Access

About the authors

O. E. Sukhoveeva

Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: olgasukhoveeva@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

A. V. Ryzhov

Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: olgasukhoveeva@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

A. V. Pochikalov

Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: olgasukhoveeva@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

D. V. Karelin

Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: olgasukhoveeva@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

I. A. Zavertkin

Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy

Email: olgasukhoveeva@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

References

  1. Adhikari K., Anderson K.R., Smith D.R., Owens P.R., Moore Jr.P.A., Libohova Z. Identifying key factors controlling potential soil respiration in agricultural fields. Agricult. Environ. Lett ., 2023, vol. 8, art. e20117. ht tps://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.20117
  2. Anokye J., Logah V., Opoku A. Soil carbon stock and emission: estimates from three land-use systems in Ghana. Ecol. Proc. , 2021, vol. 10, art. 11. ht tps://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-020-00279-w
  3. Apostolakis A., Schöning I., Michalzik B., Klaus V.H. , Boeddinghaus R.S. , Kandeler E. , Marhan S. , Bolliger R. , Fischer M. , Prati D. , Hänsel F. , Nauss T. , Hölzel N., Kleinebecker T. , Schrumpf M. Drivers of soil respiration across a management intensity gradient in temperate grasslands under drought. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosys. , 2022, vol. 124, pp. 101–116. h ttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-022-10224-2
  4. Bond-Lamberty B., Ballantyne A., Berryman E., Fluet-Chouinard E., Jian J., Morris K.A., Rey A. , Vargas R. Twenty years of progress, challenges, and opportunities in measuring and understanding soil respiration. J. Geophysic. Res. Biogeosci ., 2024, vol. 129, art. e2023JG007637. h ttps://doi.org/10.1029/2023JG007637
  5. Brito L.F. , Azenha M.V. , Janusckiewicz E.R. , Cardoso A.S. , Morgado E.S. , Malheiros E.B. , la Scala N.Jr. , Reis R.A. , Ruggieri A.C. Seasonal fluctuation of soil carbon dioxide emission in differently managed pastures. Agronomy J ., 2015, vol. 107, pp. 957–962. h ttps://doi.org/10.2134/agronj14.0480
  6. Cerhanová D., Kubát J., Nováková J. Respiration activity of the soil samples from the long-term field experiments in Prague. Plant Soil Environ . , 2006, vol. 52, pp. 21–28.
  7. Chistotin M.V., Safonov A.F. Respiration dynamics of agrodernovo-podzolic soil depending on the content of organic matter and meteorological factors. Probl. Agrokhim. Ekol. , 2016, no. 3, pp. 52–58. (In Russ.).
  8. Francioni M., Trozzo L., Toderi M., Baldoni N., Allegrezza M., Tesei G., Kishimoto-Mo A.W., Foresi L., et al. Soil respiration dynamics in Bromus erectus-dominated grasslands under different management intensities. Agriculture , 2020, vol. 10, art. 9. ht tps://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10010009
  9. Gelybó G., Barcza Z., Dencső M., Potyó I., Kása I., Horel Á., Pokovai K., Birkás M., Kern A., Hollós R., Tóth E. Effect of tillage and crop type on soil respiration in a long-term field experiment on chernozem soil under temperate climate. Soil Till. Res ., 2022, vol. 216, art. 105239. ht tps://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2021.105239
  10. Hammer Ø., Harper D.A.T., Ryan P.D. PAST: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis. Palaeontol . Electron ., 2001, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–9.
  11. Johnston A.E., Poulton P.R. The importance of long-term experiments in agriculture: their management to ensure continued crop production and soil fertility; the Rothamsted experience. Europ. J. Soil Sci. , 2018, vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 113–125. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12521
  12. Khitrov N.B. Soils of the Long-term field experience of the MTAA. Izv. Timiryazev. Sel’skokhoz. Akad ., 2012, no. 3, pp. 62–78. (In Russ.).
  13. Kong D., Liu N., Wang W., Akhtar K., Li N., Ren G., Feng Y., Yang G. Soil respiration from fields under three crop rotation treatments and three straw retention treatments. PLoS One , 2019, vol. 14, no. 9, art. e0219253. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219253
  14. Körschens M. Long-Term Field Experiments (LTEs) – Importance, Overview, Soil Organic Matter. In Exploring and Optimizing Agricultural Landscapes. Innovations in Landscape Research. Mueller L., Sychev V.G., Dronin N.M., Eulenstein F., Eds. Springer, 2021, pp. 215–231. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67448-9_8
  15. Körschens M. The importance of long-term field experiments for soil science and environmental research – A review. Plant Soil Environ . , 2006, vol. 52, pp. 1–8.
  16. Kulachkova S.A., Derevenets E.N., Korolev P.S., Pronina V.V. The effect of mineral fertilizers on soil respiration in urban lawns. Mosc. Univ. Soil Sci. Bull ., 2023, vol. 78, pp. 281–291. https://doi.org/10.3103/S0147687423030080
  17. Kurganova I.N., Goncharova O.Yu., Zamolodchikov D.G., Karelin D.V., Lopes de Gerenu V.O., Moshkina E.V., Osipov A.F., Sukhoveeva O.E., Khoroshaev D.A. Opredelenie emissii CO 2 iz pochv kamernym metodom v razlichnykh tipakh ekosistem [Determination of CO 2 Emission from Soils by Chamber Method in Different Types of Ecosystems]. Moscow: Pero Publ., 2024. 28 p.
  18. Lei N., Wang H., Zhang Y., Chen T. Components of respiration and their temperature sensitivity in four reconstructed soils. Sci. Rep . , 2022, vol. 12, art. 6107. ht tps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09918-y
  19. Li W. , Wang J. , Li X. , Wang S. , Liu W. , Shi S., Cao W. Nitrogen fertilizer regulates soil respiration by altering the organic carbon storage in root and topsoil in alpine meadow of the north-eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Sci. Rep . , 2019, vol. 9, art. 13735. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50142-y
  20. Loshakov V.G. Past and present of the Long-term experiment of K.A. Timiryazev MAA. Agrokhimiya , 2013, no. 12, pp. 75–80. (In Russ.).
  21. Lukin S.M. Carbon dioxide emission in potato agrocenoses on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil. Vladimir. Zemledel ., 2015, no. 3–4, pp. 22–23. (In Russ.).
  22. Mazirov M.A., Arefieva V.A. A brief review of the results of scientific research in global long-term field experiments. In Teoreticheskie i tekhnologicheskie osnovy vosproizvodstva plodorodiya pochv i urozhainost’ sel’skokhozyaistvennykh kul’tur [Theoretical and Technological Foundations of Soil Fertility Reproduction and Crop Yields]. Moscow: RGAU-MTAA, 2012, pp. 23–31. (In Russ.).
  23. Mazirov I.M., Borotov B.N., Lakeev P.S., Shchepeleva A.S., Vasenev I.I. Soil carbon dioxide fluxes in agroecosystems in the conditions of the Moscow region. Zemledel ., 2015, no. 8, pp. 17–19. (In Russ.).
  24. Mazirov M.A., Safonov A.F. Long-term field experience RGAU-MTAA: essence and stages of development. Izv. Timiryazev. Sel’skokhoz. Akad ., 2010, no. 2, pp. 66–75. (In Russ.).
  25. Morris K.A., Hornum S., Crystal-Ornelas R., Pennington S.C., Bond-Lamberty B. Soil respiration response to simulated precipitation change depends on ecosystem type and study duration. J. Geophysic. Res.: Biogeosci ., 2022, vol. 127, art. e2022JG006887. ht tps://doi.org/10.1029/2022JG006887
  26. Rochette P., Hutchinson G.L. Measurement of Soil Respiration in situ: Chamber Techniques. In Micrometeorology in Agricultural Systems . Hatfield J.L., Baker J.M., Eds. ASA, 2005, pp. 247–286. ht tps://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr47.c12
  27. Savoskina O.A., Polin V.D. Influence of long-term application of fertilizers and liming on respiration of sod-podzolic soil under cultivation of field crops without shifts and in crop rotation. Agrofizika , 2015, no. 4, pp. 26–30. (In Russ.).
  28. Shilova N.A. Dynamics of CO2 release in field crops on sod-podzolic and peat soils. Pochboved. Agrokhim ., 2014, no. 1, pp. 104–112. (In Russ.).
  29. Sosulski T., Szymańska M., Szara E., Sulewski P. Soil Respiration under 90 Year-Old Rye Monoculture and Crop Rotation in the Climate Conditions of Central Poland. Agronomy , 2021, vol. 11, art. 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010021
  30. Wang J. , Xie J. , Li L. , Effah Z. , Xie L. , Luo Z. , Zhou Y., Jiang Y. Fertilization treatments affect soil CO 2 emission through regulating soil bacterial community composition in the semiarid Loess Plateau. Sci. Rep . , 2022, vol. 12, art. 20123. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21108-4
  31. Wang Y., Li Q., Li C. Organic fertilizer has a greater effect on soil microbial community structure and carbon and nitrogen mineralization than planting pattern in rainfed farmland of the Loess Plateau. Front. Environ . Sci. , 2023, vol. 11, art. 1232527. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1232527
  32. Ward D., Kirkman K., Hagenah N., Tsvuura Z. Soil respiration declines with increasing nitrogen fertilization and is not related to productivity in long-term grassland experiments. Soil Biol. Biochem ., 2017, vol. 115, pp. 415–422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.08.035
  33. Yang L., Pan J., Wang J., Tian D., Zhang C., Zhao X., Hu J., Yang W., Yan Y., Ma F., Chen W., Quan Q., Wang P., Niu S. Soil microbial respiration adapts to higher and longer warming experiments at the global scale. Environ. Res. Lett . , 2023, vol. 18 , no. 3, art. 034044. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acbecb
  34. Yang S., Xiao Y., Xu J. Organic fertilizer application increases the soil respiration and net ecosystem carbon dioxide absorption of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation. Environ. Sci. Poll . Res . , 2018, vol. 25, pp. 9958–9968. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1285-y
  35. Yilmaz G. Seasonal variations in soil CO 2 emissions under continuous field crop production in semi-arid southeastern Turkey. Appl. Eco. Env. Res ., 2019, vol. 17, pp. 6563–6579. ht tps://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1703_65636579
  36. Zapata D. , Rajan N., Mowrer J. , Casey K. , Schnell R. , Hons F. Long-term tillage effect on with-in season variations in soil conditions and respiration from dryland winter wheat and soybean cropping systems. Sci. Rep . , 2021, vol. 11, art. 2344. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-80979-1
  37. Zavyalova N.E., Vasbieva M.T., Fomin D.S. Microbial biomass, respiratory activity and nitrogen fixation in soddy-podzolic soils of the Pre-Urals area under various agricultural uses . Eurasian Soil Sci . , 2020, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 383–388. https://doi.org/ 10.1134/S1064229320030126

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download
2. Fig. 1. A diagram of the Long-term field experience of the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (TLCA) with the location of the plots under study in 2023.

Download (363KB)
Indexing metadata
3. Fig. 2. Soil respiration during the growing season, divided into plots.

Download (110KB)
Indexing metadata
4. 3. Average soil respiration rates and their standard deviations during the growing season.

Download (110KB)
Indexing metadata
5. 4. The content of organic carbon (a) and total nitrogen (b) in the soil under various averaging conditions. The averages and their standard deviations are given.

Download (177KB)
Indexing metadata
6. Fig. 5. Soil respiration during the period with a bare surface.

Download (135KB)
Indexing metadata

Copyright (c) 2024 Russian Academy of Sciences

Согласие на обработку персональных данных с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика»

1. Я (далее – «Пользователь» или «Субъект персональных данных»), осуществляя использование сайта https://journals.rcsi.science/ (далее – «Сайт»), подтверждая свою полную дееспособность даю согласие на обработку персональных данных с использованием средств автоматизации Оператору - федеральному государственному бюджетному учреждению «Российский центр научной информации» (РЦНИ), далее – «Оператор», расположенному по адресу: 119991, г. Москва, Ленинский просп., д.32А, со следующими условиями.

2. Категории обрабатываемых данных: файлы «cookies» (куки-файлы). Файлы «cookie» – это небольшой текстовый файл, который веб-сервер может хранить в браузере Пользователя. Данные файлы веб-сервер загружает на устройство Пользователя при посещении им Сайта. При каждом следующем посещении Пользователем Сайта «cookie» файлы отправляются на Сайт Оператора. Данные файлы позволяют Сайту распознавать устройство Пользователя. Содержимое такого файла может как относиться, так и не относиться к персональным данным, в зависимости от того, содержит ли такой файл персональные данные или содержит обезличенные технические данные.

3. Цель обработки персональных данных: анализ пользовательской активности с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика».

4. Категории субъектов персональных данных: все Пользователи Сайта, которые дали согласие на обработку файлов «cookie».

5. Способы обработки: сбор, запись, систематизация, накопление, хранение, уточнение (обновление, изменение), извлечение, использование, передача (доступ, предоставление), блокирование, удаление, уничтожение персональных данных.

6. Срок обработки и хранения: до получения от Субъекта персональных данных требования о прекращении обработки/отзыва согласия.

7. Способ отзыва: заявление об отзыве в письменном виде путём его направления на адрес электронной почты Оператора: info@rcsi.science или путем письменного обращения по юридическому адресу: 119991, г. Москва, Ленинский просп., д.32А

8. Субъект персональных данных вправе запретить своему оборудованию прием этих данных или ограничить прием этих данных. При отказе от получения таких данных или при ограничении приема данных некоторые функции Сайта могут работать некорректно. Субъект персональных данных обязуется сам настроить свое оборудование таким способом, чтобы оно обеспечивало адекватный его желаниям режим работы и уровень защиты данных файлов «cookie», Оператор не предоставляет технологических и правовых консультаций на темы подобного характера.

9. Порядок уничтожения персональных данных при достижении цели их обработки или при наступлении иных законных оснований определяется Оператором в соответствии с законодательством Российской Федерации.

10. Я согласен/согласна квалифицировать в качестве своей простой электронной подписи под настоящим Согласием и под Политикой обработки персональных данных выполнение мною следующего действия на сайте: https://journals.rcsi.science/ нажатие мною на интерфейсе с текстом: «Сайт использует сервис «Яндекс.Метрика» (который использует файлы «cookie») на элемент с текстом «Принять и продолжить».