Vol 9, No 1 (2025)

Background. The article is devoted to the consideration of the concept of “social situation of development”. The relevance of the research topic is due to the existing deficit of the positive impact of the socio-cultural environment on modern children and adolescents.

Purpose. The aims and objectives of the work are the analysis of the cultural approach to understanding the term “social situation of development”.

Methodology. The method and/or methodology of the work. The methods used were genetic, comparative historical and typological methods: comparison of psychological, pedagogical and multicultural (primarily culturological) approaches, their typologization, etc.

Results. As a result of the study, it was found that the term itself appeared and was widely introduced into scientific circulation within the framework of psychological science, primarily in the research of the Soviet activity school (L.S. Vygotsky). Recently, this concept has become widespread in the works of many foreign psychologists and educators; however, it is more interesting that representatives of other humanities disciplines, in particular, cultural studies and social anthropology, are increasingly turning to it. The article concludes that the macrosocial situation has a direct impact on the microsocial one (directly on the “social situation of development” of an individual), in particular, in the form of the possibility of participating in previously inaccessible groups and communities.

Practical implications. The results of the study can be applied in inclusive projects in the cultural and leisure sphere, in the creation of new programs and projects for the involvement of children with disabilities in the cultural life of society.

Background. The predominance of research devoted to the pedagogical and sporting aspects of aikido to the detriment of cultural and philosophical leads to the erosion of its ideological basis. This circumstance makes the stated topic extremely relevant and opens up extensive space for further research.

Purpose. The process of comprehending specific subject forms, that symbolically revealing the semantic content of aikido, constitute its cultural continuum.

Methodology. The basis of the research is formed by the cultural-philosophical approach together with hermeneutic, phenomenological, semiotic and descriptive methods.

Results. The use of the concept of “cultural continuum” to solve the problem showed that changing the continuum in accordance with alien semantic coordinates devalues ​​it, turning it into her opposite or fiction. These conclusions led to the formulation of the problem of a delicate attitude towards other cultural values ​​in the process of their acculturation. Often the reason for a dismissive attitude towards the achievements of other cultures is ignorance of this issue. This situation actualizes the problem of saturating the disciplines studied by future specialists in the field of physical education and sports with humanitarian content. The innovative nature of the study consists in interpreting any forms and types of activity in aikido as carriers of the main idea that defines its cultural continuum.

Practical implications. The materials of the presented research can be used by specialists in the field of physical education to enrich the training process with theoretical knowledge. The cultural-philosophical approach applied in the study opens up opportunities for developing new conceptual guidelines in teaching physical education and sports disciplines.

Background. The subject of the research in this article is one of the most fundamental worldview problems - the question of the relationship between free will and predestination in the religious and philosophical context. As a result of a scrupulous analysis of both the sources and the state of modern scientific knowledge, the authors established the insolubility of this problem within the framework of being, which has three reasons: rigid determinism excludes freedom; foresight without predestination leads to the absurdity of the innumerability of alternative worlds; conditional freedom as a conscious necessity leads to the collapse of providence through the wrong choices of "unconscious" refusers of necessity.

Research methods. The authors rely on the method of analogies, using systemic and interdisciplinary approaches, conceptual and phenomenological analysis, as well as the use of natural philosophical approaches based on modern discoveries of natural science, intuitive analysis of the Incomprehensible.

Results. The authors come to the conclusion that the concept of hard determinism as applied to the observable universe is preferable in comparison with all other philosophical concepts of the relationship between freedom and predetermination within the framework of the existence of the world. At the same time, the authors offer their own concept of the implementation of Man's free will under conditions of complete predetermination through the change of Providence by God, who is forced to "process theism" in himself and in the world at the request of his "born-from-above" children for those who are dear to them in the existence of the world. Conclusions: The children of God born from above, being in the Super-existence of God, themselves command the Father, who changes Providence at their request: "your will be done"; in the world of existence, God is present and acts only in the minds of those who believe in Him and nowhere else and in no way - this is how the aporia of transcendence is resolved. By changing Providence, God changes himself and improves in his perfection, learning the best in Man.

Conclusion. In the proposed concept, God, the world and man create a dynamic system of mutual influence, in which freedom and predestination coexist, finding their place in the general ontological structure.