编号 1 (2023)
- 年: 2023
- ##issue.datePublished##: 31.03.2023
- 文章: 24
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/2542-212X/issue/view/19209
完整期次
Medieval and Modern history
Immigration of Circassians to the Ottoman Empire in the 1820s–1850s.
摘要
Long before the mass exodus of the Northwestern Caucasus people representatives to the Ottoman Empire during the final stage of the Caucasian War, there were sporadic group and individual migrations of Circassians to the Sultan’s possessions, directly or indirectly caused by Russian military-political expansion in the region. These episodes of the early Caucasian muhajirism, as well as the situation of this settlers in the Ottoman possessions, usually remain outside the attention of researchers. This article, based mostly on the Turkish archival sources and testimonies of contemporaries introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, reveals the cases of immigrant communities and families from Circassia to the Ottoman territory, traces their relocations and main places of temporary and permanent settlement in Anatolia and characterizes the features of the settlers’ adaptation in their new homeland within the framework of the emerging colonization policy of the Porte during the 1820s–1850s. In this regard, this article clarifies some circumstances of the stay and activity in the Ottoman state of one of the significant figures of the Hadjret resistance in the Trans-Kuban region - Prince Hatokshoko Mohammed Asha.
Caucasology. 2023;(1):14-32
14-32
Excise policy of the tsarist government in the Transcaucasian region in the second half of the XIX – early XX century
摘要
The article is devoted to the study of the excise policy of Russia in the Transcaucasian region, the degree of its impact on the economic development of the region under study. The purpose of the study is to consider the amount of excise revenues contributed to the Russian treasury from various industries of the Transcaucasian Region and to determine the degree of its impact on the economic development of the region under study. Based on the study, generalization and review of archival materials and pre–revolutionary sources, an attempt is made to identify the features of the excise policy of the tsarist government in the second half of the XIX – early XX century in the studied region. The tasks related to introducing excise duty in the oil, tobacco, drinking and other industries are disclosed, analyzed and summarized. It is concluded that the excise policy was of great importance not only for replenishing the Russian treasury, it also had a significant impact on the development of various industries in the region under study.
Caucasology. 2023;(1):33-50
33-50
Formation of the border guard on the russian-persian border in the late XIX – early XX century
摘要
The article analyzes the process of development of protecting the Russian-Persian border-by-border guard units in the late XIX–early XX century. Properly organized and precisely established border surveillance, forming the conditions for protecting the state border, was important in ensuring security on the borders of the Caucasus in the XIX century. This was because the state border in the Caucasus was violated not only by professional smugglers but also by the local population. The article shows that, because of these circumstances, the establishment of expedient border surveillance on the Russian-Persian border, together with a thorough study of local geographical, topographic and economic conditions, was the subject of the first state's importance. Based on the studied sources and literature, the process of the border guard formation on the Russian-Persian border was revealed. In pre-revolutionary and Soviet historiography, studies of the activities of border units were practically not performed, and only in the post-Soviet period, interest was shown in this issue. However, the works of the post-Soviet period are mainly overview and did not concern the issues of the history of the formation of the border guard on the Russian–Persian border in the late XIX–early XX centuries. The paper shows that without specialized units, the Russian Empire could not protect its national interests in the border area in the Caucasus. The development of the system of protection of the Russian-Persian border was conducted under difficult topographic conditions.
Caucasology. 2023;(1):51-60
51-60
Recent history
Participation of the Terek Cossacks in the anti-Bolshevik movement on the Terek in 1917-1920: political aspect, armed struggle, results
摘要
This article handles the problems related to the study of the participation of the Terek Cossack army in the events related to the Revolution and the Civil War of 1917-1920 on the territory of the Terek region. The struggle was for raising the political status of the Terek Cossacks and the Terek region, for which it was necessary to enter an alliance with the mountain liberal intelligentsia, which also fought for autonomy, and then federalization within the framework of the democratic Russian Republic. An analysis of the reasons for the seizure of power by the Bolsheviks on the Terek in 1918, the role of the Terek Cossacks in this process, the results of the Terek uprising of 1918 are given. The active participation of the Terek Cossacks in the anti-Bolshevik armed movement in 1919-1920 is argued. The consequences of the defeat of the white movement for the Terek Cossacks, the deportation of the Terek villages from the territory of the region, are showed. Conclusions are drawn that the defeat in the Civil War and active participation on the side of the White Guard led to the deportation of the Cossacks and the deprivation of the “titular” status of both the Terek Cossacks and the Tersk region itself.
Caucasology. 2023;(1):61-69
61-69
The political elite of the North Caucasus during the revolution and civil war: plans and implementation of political concepts
摘要
The article handles the problems associated with modern Russian historiography devoted to the Revolution and the Civil War on the territory of the Terek and Dagestan regions in 1917-1921. Some argue the post-Soviet period provided Russian historians with a unique opportunity to explore previously little-studied topics related to administrative-territorial and national-state changes in the Terek-Dagestan region, with the history of the Cossacks and their participation in the anti-Bolshevik movement on the Terek. Historians also pay close attention to the study of issues related to the activities of the mountain liberal social movement, the influence of Islamists on revolutionary events in the region. It is concluded that the Russian historiography of the revolutionary period in the North Caucasus is experiencing a flourishing period; this topic attracts the attention of not only North Caucasian historians but also researchers from St. Petersburg, Moscow, Yekaterinburg.
Caucasology. 2023;(1):70-78
70-78
Agrarian policy of the RCP (B) in the Kuban and the Black Sea region in conditions of the transition from war communism to nep: 1920–1924
摘要
The complex of measures applied by the Bolshevik government after the establishment of its power in 1917 and based on military mobilization and violent methods, went down in history as the policy of war communism. Because of this, having re-established Soviet power in 1920 on the territory of the Kuban-Black Sea region, the Bolsheviks faced two main tasks: providing the population of Central Russia with food and solving the land issue, which had to be resolved through the forcible collection of food and egalitarian land use. Introducing military-communist practices in the region met with active resistance from the population. The proclamation in March 1921 of the transition to a new economic policy could not significantly change the situation in the region, since until 1924, when the new course “Facing the Village” was adopted, the relapses of war communism persisted.
Caucasology. 2023;(1):79-93
79-93
Polievktov activities in academic institutions of Georgia in the years 1920-1930
摘要
The article reveals the most important aspect of the scientific activity of the prominent Caucasian historian M.A. Polievktov (1872-1942) in the academic institutions of Georgia in 1920-1930, which is the most important aspect of his scientific biography.M.A. Polievktov stood at the origins of the academic Caucasian studies in Georgia. Based on archival materials from the Georgian National Academy of Sciences, the materials were introduced into scientific circulation for the first time among archival documents of the scientist’s personal fund from the Central Historical Archives of Georgia and the Central Archives of Contemporary History of Georgia, the author reveals the content of M.A. Polievktov to identify materials on the history of Russian-Georgian relations in the 16th-18th centuries, to create the organizational foundations for the formation of Caucasian studies in Georgia. Unknown facts of the scientific biography of M.A. Polievktova, which until now were in the shadows, were not the patrimony of historiography.The article reveals the scientific activity of M.A. Polievktov at the Caucasian Historical and Archaeological Institute and its subsequent transformations - the Research Institute of Caucasian Studies. N.Ya. Marra, Georgian Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Institute of Language, History and Material Culture of the Georgian Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, which is an integral part of the life and scientific work of the Caucasian historian. The results of work in the academic institutions of Georgia were the publication of articles and archival materials in Caucasian studies. Scientific legacy of M.A. Polievktov, one of the founders of Caucasian studies in Georgia, will be the subject of historiographic research for a long time.
Caucasology. 2023;(1):94-107
94-107
The historical experience of creating administrative centers for national autonomies: the foundation and development of the city of Mikoyan-Shahar (1926-1943)
摘要
In the history of national-state construction in the 1920s and 1930s, almost all autonomies and other large territorial units already had cities with the status of administrative centers and capitals. All of them existed long before the establishment of Soviet power, and they were dominated by a population that did not belong to the titular nation of the corresponding autonomous republic or region. The only exception was the Karachay Autonomous region, formed in 1926, on the territory of which there was not a single settlement suitable for an administrative center. The author of the article gives a set of reasons that became the basis for the decision to build a new city with the name Mikoyan-Shahar (present-day Karachayevsk). At the present stage, the same situation has developed with the Ingush Republic. Thanks to the support of the federal center, the construction of a new capital, the city of Magas, has begun for this republic.
Caucasology. 2023;(1):108-123
108-123
Daily students of general schools during the great patriotic war (on the example of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic)
摘要
For the first time, based on new archival documents and other sources, a reconstruction of the schoolchildren's daily life in wartime conditions was conducted using the example of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. This article reveals the influence of a restructuring of the school education system on the daily life of students’ education. The organization of military, physical training and patriotic education of students was analyzed. This work shows the activity of schoolchildren, helping the front, wounded soldiers in evacuated military hospitals, participation in the partisan movement. Forms of helping rears are studied: caring for the families of front-line soldiers, orphans, participating in the restoration of the national economy and agricultural work. The experience of the state work, party bodies and educational institutions in the law’s implementation on universal compulsory education of school-age children is summarized. Problems are analyzed: the introduction of separate education, “Rules for students”, and the quality of students’ knowledge. Difficulties in covering universal education are identified as the main reasons for dropout. It is concluded that the restructuring of the school education system in the interests of the front and rear has significantly affected the daily life of students. Military and physical training, patriotic and labor education of schoolchildren allowed them to help the front and rear and overcome the difficulties of wartime.
Caucasology. 2023;(1):124-141
124-141
Историография, источниковедение, методы исторического исследования
The history of the study of the Russian population of Dagestan and the Terek Cossacks (XVIII – early XXI century): historical and bibliographic review
摘要
This paper presents a historiographical review of studies about the history of Russians and Cossacks of Dagestan and the North Caucasus in the late Middle Ages, modern, soviet and contemporary times. The history of the study of the Russians and the Cossacks in each of these historical periods had its own characteristics and was determined by the socio-political, socio-economic and cultural processes occurring in the country. The authors believe that the most complete and comprehensive, free from ideological attitudes, historical and ethnographic study of the Russians and the Cossacks, was conducted in modern times. This is because of the new paradigm of the state and social structure of Russia, associated with the unfavorable international political and economic situation, the global challenges of our time; such as an increase in ethnic self-awareness of the Russians who make up most of the population; bring awareness to their responsibility for the peoples’ fate of Russia and the entire world. Further study of the historiography of various groups of the domestic and foreign Russian population and the Cossacks is promising to create generalizing works on the history and ethnography of Russians in Russia and other countries of the world.In the article, based on the analysis of the works of the authors of pre-revolutionary, Soviet and modern historiography, using historical-genetic, comparative-historical, typological and historical-systemic methods, a historical and bibliographic review of the main works on the history of Russians and the Cossacks of Dagestan and the North Caucasus is given.
Caucasology. 2023;(1):142-173
142-173
Historian of science in the historiographic space of Caucasian studies
摘要
The article explores the intricate workings of the development of Caucasian studies, the conversion of historical records into historiography, and the broadening of the historian's range of research methods. Interest in the internal problems of historiographic research is not accidental, since “the historian cannot but think about the intellectual prerequisites of his own research,” emphasizes A.Ya. Gurevich, “which voluntarily or involuntarily determine both the methods he uses and the forms and structures of his constructions”. Recently, a broad comprehension of historiographic fact, as any fact that provides scientific data on the history of science, has been highlighted. The focus of historiographic research is mainly on the concept and paradigm, which reflects the researcher's stance on the issue being studied. In the history of science, a scheme for the systematization of historiographic facts has been formed - firstly, the main facts that make it possible to reconstruct the concept (these are, first of all, the works of professional historians) are distinguished, and, secondly, auxiliary facts that help to recreate the historian’s laboratory, the context of the creation of labor, the values of the era, etc. One of the most difficult problems of modern Caucasian studies is the analysis of the process of the metamorphosis of historical fact into historiographic. How is historical fact included in the system of historiographic relations? Are there any features in the development of this process in Caucasian studies, or do they correspond to all-Russian patterns? These responses assist us in recognizing certain trends in the evolution of historical science and Caucasian studies specifically.
Caucasology. 2023;(1):174-187
174-187
Ethnology, anthropology and ethnography
Problems of existence of the Adygean language among the adygean youth: on the example of comparison of urban and rural students in the city of Maikop
摘要
The article handles the existence of the Adyghe language among the Adyghe youth studying in the universities of Maykop. In particular, two groups of Adyghe students are compared: students born in the city and those born in the countryside. This study is based on the results of an ethno-sociological mass survey of student youth in universities in Maikop, conducted in the spring of 2021. The data obtained show that Adyghe city students, less often than students born in rural areas, use the Adyghe language in communication at home, on the street, and at work. The most significant reasons for such existence of the Adyghe language seem to be that students born in the city are less likely to speak the Adyghe language, and also live in a multi-ethnic environment that limits the use of the language in everyday life.
Caucasology. 2023;(1):188-201
188-201
Some aspects of funeral rites among modern abkhazians
摘要
The article is devoted to the study of the funeral rite in modern Abkhazian society. For a long time, the ancestors of modern Abkhazians got acquainted with Christianity and Islam, and these world religions have left their mark on the ritual life of Abkhazian society. Despite their influence, it is important for modern Abkhazians to observe not so much religious norms as what they consider their traditional «Abkhazianism», demonstrating some local differences, to which special attention is paid in the article. The article reflects the role of relatives-mourners, whose lamentations during the funeral «make even a stone cry». The concern about the state of the soul of the deceased is also noted, which is manifested because the Abkhazians send belongings together with the deceased, which in their opinion will certainly be useful to him. Some things, it is believed, the deceased requests in a dream, and through them, the connection between the living and the deceased is maintained.
Caucasology. 2023;(1):202-215
202-215
The problem of the origin of the east adyghe population
摘要
The problem the East Adyghe population origin is of great importance in the history’s study of the North Caucasus. This study sheds light on many debatable issues related to the ethnic history of the Central Caucasus. In Russian historiography for a long time exists the late Mediaeval “migration” theory of its origin, which, in fact, is based mostly on the spread of the Kabardian kurgan culture. It overlooks a vast stratum of anthropological research related to ancient and early mediaeval cultures, without which the reconstruction of the ethnic-regional history is impossible. Such an approach has led to a biased and one-sided view of the history’s study of the Central Caucasia. In the article, the anthropological data was obtained through a field archaeological research, which cannot be dismissed in the study of the autochthonous population of the Central Caucasus, which was actualized. The resolution of the considered problem is possible only with a comparative-historical analysis of archaeological, anthropological and written sources.
Caucasology. 2023;(1):216-225
216-225
Literature of the peoples of the Russian Federation (literature of the peoples of the North Caucasus)
Cyclization of small forms of Balkar prose
摘要
This article outlines a range of theoretical issues concerning the development of a promising artistic form of the narrative cycle by Balkarian writers. The object of research is small genres of prose (short stories, short stories, satirical miniatures), cyclically structured and forming an artistic integrity. The paper examines the historical prerequisites for the emergence of such structures, the regularity of their introduction into the work of regional prose writers. Using the possibilities of literary chronicles, national authors sought to capture the most significant moments of reality succinctly and concisely, to fix them in the reader’s mind through the techniques of detailing, including additional details, episodes, fragments. The corresponding niche occupied by the novelistic cycle in the Balkar literature is determined, the seriation and chronicity of texts, their conceptual complementarity are noted. The study purposefully correlates a narrative cycle and a thematic collection of short stories, to distinguish such textual associations by distinctive features and ways of coupling parts within the established ideological and artistic integrity. During the analysis the relevant material, various types of prose cycles are revealed: author’s (originally written according to the writer’s plan), editorial (compiled to the publication of collections of works by an individual author, based on a single problem) and composite (multi-component texts, within which autonomous works are transformed into a cyclical unity, based on meaningful overlap, repeatability of plot lines and dominant images). The result of the study is the conclusion that the novelistic cycle has become a very effective form in national prose with its functionality and scope of application, allowing the most complete reflection of the dynamically changing reality.
Caucasology. 2023;(1):226-239
226-239
Peculiarities of Abdullah Begiev's idiostyle
摘要
The work of the Balkarian poet A. Begiev is reviewed in a chronological order, the thematic collections “Igilikge iinanyu”, (“With faith in good”), “Keziu” (“Turn”), “Bet” (“Conscience”), the main ideological and conceptual features of his works are revealed: in the patriotic sector – “the joy and pain of my land” (“zherimi kuuanchy, zharasy yes”), in the intimate lyrics – “sweet moments of love” (“syuymekni tatly azaby”), moral imperatives – “conscience” (“bet”) (the definition of the specifics, features of the author’s reflection when creating texts of such a plan is often fixed in the very title of the work). The poetry of A. Begiev is characterized primarily by deep philosophism, a pragmatic view of the life and way of life of compatriots. Conceptual thought is addressed to the depths of human self-consciousness. Object-subject relations are represented through extremely informative images-symbols. The death of a friend is commensurate with the fall of the “heavenly tree” (kyok teregi audu”), the sadness of the mountains (“andan mudahdyla taula”) (poem “Eki zhulduz” (“Two stars”). Skeptical moods model the philosophy of the lyrical hero: “...Men zhalangachma ... / Zher achdy – es, tuzlyuk yes achlykda ...“(“I am destitute (naked)... / The earth is hungry – consciousness, justice too ...); “Suukma, jurekle talashsalada ...” (“I freeze when hearts argue…“), poem “Keziu” (“Turn”).The article illustrates the diverse activities of A. Begiev – from works for children, translations, journalism – to works on the collection and systematization of previously unpublished works of the classic of Balkarian literature Kazim Mechiev, the poet Akat Shavaev, as well as lamentation songs (kuy), poems, lamentation lyrical songs, which compiled the collection “Shagatlyk eteme” (“Living Witnesses”, 2004).The main methods of research: hermeneutical, culturological, semiotic.
Caucasology. 2023;(1):240-252
240-252
Metric-rhyming system of the Adyghe verse: problems of formation and development
摘要
The article examines the metric-rhyming system of the Adyghe (Kabardian, Circassian, Adygheyan) literary verse. Metrics and rhyme, as well as the versification system, haven’t become the subject of special study to this day, which is the reason this stated topic is addressed. The primary attention, on one hand, is focused on the specifics of the syllabic-tonic meters (trochee, iambic, dactyl, amphibrach, anapest) development and the features of their functioning in different genres and genre forms, but on the other hand, the evolution of rhyme in national poetry is traced. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the first attempts to make a comprehensive study of the metrical-rhyming system of the Adyghe verse at all stages of its development. Based on the results obtained, it is established that in the written poetry of the Circassians during the initial period of evolution, the “double rhyme” was applied; to date, all syllabi-tonic poetic meters in their multi-footed variations have been widely developed.
Caucasology. 2023;(1):253-266
253-266
Фольклористика
Wonderful objects-signalizators in karachay-balkarian magical fairytales
摘要
This article explores an area of Karachay-Balkarian fairy-tales, that has been inadequately studied – the classification and characterization of the remarkable objects, featured in magical and magical-heroic fairy-tales of the specified ethnic group. The aim of the research conducted in this case was to analyze signaling devices – objects, used to send a specific signal, message or information. An analysis of the significated set of extraordinary items indicated the potential of further division with the allocation of resources: a) calling an assistant, b) reporting on the condition of the protagonist (owner / donor, their associates and companions), c) messages of peril / alert (i.e., fulfilling the role of modern signaling). The first two groups of annunciator are created to support the main characters, whereas the objects of the third category act as a hindrance to the goal and are owned by their antagonists. It has been discovered, that the considered excellent methods of communication have their origin in the ancient ideas and beliefs of their creator people (animism, totemism, fetishism), and they are founded on sympathetic (contagious / partial / contact) magic. It is observed, that additional detailed examination of wonderful objects and the formation of an appropriate index will not only enrich knowledge of the poetics of the Karachay-Balkarian fairy-tale itself, but will also permit their data to be integrated into the national and worldwide fairy-tale fund and will facilitate comparative studies.
Caucasology. 2023;(1):267-275
267-275
Abaza fairy tale prose in the context of world folklore traditions
摘要
The article handles the typological convergence of Abaza folk tales with Udmurt, Karelian, Tibetan, Burmese, Vietnamese, Korean, Khmer, Mongolian folklore works. In the analysis, the main attention is paid to the comparison of storylines, figurative system. Also, there are separate reflections of numerical symbolism, object images that set off the national color, features of the ethnic worldview, moral values reflected in fairy-tale prose. Other motives and details related to the cultural specifics of a particular folk are also revealed. The studied material leads to the conclusion that the differences in fairy tales most often relate to the figurative system. But, peoples living in different parts of the world have similar plots, themes, problems, conflicts, life situations, moral guidelines.
Caucasology. 2023;(1):276-292
276-292
On the issue of the preservation of the adyghe (kabardino-circassian) language in the diaspora
摘要
The article explores the main issues of preserving the native language in the diaspora. Extralinguistic factors were noted for the preservation of the Adyghe language in a foreign language environment. To study the speech of the Adyghe diaspora abroad, as well as to determine the methods of preserving the native language, comparative historical and analytical methods were used. The source base is compiled by the works of scientists who studied the features of the language of the Adyghe diaspora abroad. The main goal of the work is to summarize the main methods of preserving the Adyghe (Circassian) language (speech) in a foreign language environment, and tell what was done for this. To achieve this, we analyzed the work of our predecessors on the topic under study. It was concluded that, although representatives of the Adyghe diaspora abroad had sufficient obstacles to the preservation and development of the native language; they could preserve the language, traditions and customs. They created various organizations, khasa.
Caucasology. 2023;(1):293-306
293-306
Lexico-semantic features of Kara-Nogais talk of the Mikhailovsk city, Stavropol Territory (by the linguistic expedition materials of NRU SSPI 2023)
摘要
The article explores the models of vocabulary and semantics based on the example of folklore and speech creativity of the Kara-Nogais of Mikhailovsk (Stavropol Territory). Such sources on the language and culture of the Nogais as heroic epic, oral folk tradition and written documents are considered. The practical material of the article resulting in the expedition, which occurred in 2023. The information of the local periodical «Mikhailovskiye vesti» and the information agency «Cossack unity» is characterized. It’s revealed that the linguistic culture of the Kara-Nogais of the Stavropol Territory in modern times is unexplored, which causes interest in this sub-ethnos. The language features of the Kara-Nogais community of the residential complex «Admiral» in Mikhailovsk differ significantly from the Astrakhan and Circassian groups, which are more widespread in the North Caucasus Federal District. It is concluded that the linguistic synthesis of the Nogais and Karagash dialects led to the formation of a commonality of the Kara-Nogais dialect of the Nogais language with the vocabulary of the Kazakh and Karakalpak languages, and borrowings from Arabic, Persian and Russian languages caused a semantic shift, clearly seen in the example of a significant part of the cultural and social household concepts. It is concluded that morphologically, the Kara-Nogais dialect is agglutinative, parts of speech are divided into names, verbs and auxiliary parts of speech; the semantics of the dialect testifies to the extreme closeness of the society of the Kara-Nogais, who developed their own model of the world and the peculiarities of the hermeneutics of natural, social and cultural processes in the framework of life, speech creativity and performance of singing traditions, sayings, riddles.
Caucasology. 2023;(1):307-323
307-323
Neologisms in the Kabardino-Circassian language (based on linguistic terminology)
摘要
This article examines the process of new linguistic terms emergence in the Kabardino-Circassian language. This work analysed the terms created by the Kabardino-Circassian language’s own linguistic sources. The initiator of the creation of these terms is the scientist-educator Sh.B. Nogmov. The main stage of the linguistic creation, terminological system of the Kabardino-Circassian language, begins in the 30s of the twentieth century. During the research, the author concludes that the founder of the national linguistic terminology is T.M. Borukaev. He is the author of various terms that are successfully used in the Kabardino-Circassian language to this day. In the post-war years, H.U. Elberdov was engaged in creating linguistic terms. He successfully introduced several terms of his own into the language. In the last half century, creating new linguistic terms has practically ceased. The analysis of the literature shows that in the modern Kabardino-Circassian language, there is an unjustified use of many borrowed terms. This problem is a serious disadvantage for researchers in their native language. There are solutions for this situation, proposed by the Doctor of Philology B. Ch. Bizhoev. He created the first dictionary of linguistic terms in the Kabardino-Circassian language, which includes about 1865 terms. Based on the study of the terms, it was found that almost all of them received an accurate and adequate translation into the Kabardino-Circassian language. The relevance of this study lies in the increasing need to study the linguistic terminology of the Kabardino-Circassian language. Descriptive-analytical method, contextual analysis, statistical calculation are used in the work.
Caucasology. 2023;(1):324-332
324-332
Проблемы современного общества и экономики
Modern problems of the dagestan languages preservation through the eyes of experts
摘要
The article handles the problem of studying regional Dagestan languages against the backdrop of an intensive process of urbanization in the republic. Based on an expert survey, modern events in the language sphere and the measures for the development of the Dagestan languages are identified, which affect legislative initiatives at the federal level and the state of native languages in the government. The author pays special attention to the connection between the ethno-cultural education of the younger generation and the formation of manifestations of civic consciousness and patriotic feelings of an individual personality.Thus, the author attempted to analyze the social aspect of the functioning of regional languages. The main purpose of the study is to identify the real picture of the language needs of Dagestan people and to prevent possible social conflicts based on dissatisfaction with the ethno-cultural needs of the population. The author focuses on turning national policy into an effective mechanism for strengthening civic identity, maintaining social stability at the federal, regional levels.
Caucasology. 2023;(1):333-346
333-346
Essays, notes, reviews
Review of the collection «100 years of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. Archival chronicle. – Nalchik: Publishing house M. and V. Kotlyarovs, 2022. 384 pp. + 80 pp. on»
摘要
The overview of the collection “100 years of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. Archival Chronicle“, published by the KBR Archival Service in 2022 as part of the Documents Testify project and dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the statehood of Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The paper includes 329 archival documents and 169 photographs on the history of the republic from 1922 to 2022. A description of the documents placed in the collection is given: regulatory legal acts and records of state authorities of the KBR (KBAO, KBASSR) in the field of national-state construction, the creation and activities of educational and scientific institutions, the organization of health care and the cultural and leisure sphere, the main trends in the development of enterprises of the agricultural and industrial complex, documents with elements of statistical generalization, correspondence about the most significant events in the region’s history, etc. The documents of the appendix of the collection are described, which contains photographic illustrative material, information about the heroes of the Soviet Union, the heroes of Socialist Labor, full holders of the Order of Glory, and holders of the Order of Labor Glory. Attention is drawn to the fact that the publication is addressed to a wide range of researchers: historians, local historians, journalists, writers, students and schoolchildren, as well as everyone who is interested in the history of the peoples of Kabardino-Balkaria.
Caucasology. 2023;(1):347-352
347-352