Technology Sovereignty as a New Imperative of National Sovereignty: Conceptual Framework and Legal Arrangements

The paper investigates technology sovereignty as a new imperative of national sovereignty in the digital age. The author analyzes the transformation of the conventional concept of sovereignty under the influence of advancements in technology and shows how the state’s ability to control critical technologies and digital infrastructure is becoming a key element of national security and geopolitical authority. The paper focuses on the legal aspects of technology sovereignty in the context of contemporary challenges, including sanction pressure on Russia and the development of technology blocs in international relations. The paper traces the evolution of the legal regulation of technology sovereignty in Russia, from the first mentions in the 1990s to the contemporary systemic state policy as provided by the National Security Strategy and the Federal Law On Technology Policy. The author substantiates three strategic priorities ensuring technology sovereignty, including resilience to external challenges, development of competitive economic strength, and national autonomy. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of legal arrangements used to implement technology sovereignty, including the regulation of critical and general purpose technologies, state support of innovations, and different types of international technology cooperation. The study contributes to the development of the national sovereignty doctrine, expands its traditional framework by adding the technology element, and offers best practices to improve legal regulation in this area.