Том 14, № 2 (2024)

2023 marked the 150th anniversary of the birth of the Tatar merchant and public figure Mukhamet-Zakir Zalyaletdinovich Akhunov (1873–1951). The article examines the life path of Z.Z. Akhunov, and also traces the fate of representatives of this genus. The source base for the study was a complex of information presented in published works and documents from the funds of the State Archive of the Russian Federation (Moscow), the State Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan (Kazan), the United State Archive of the Chelyabinsk Region (Chelyabinsk), the and personal archive. Thanks to the identified sources, the biography of Z.Z. Akhunov was reconstructed with a fairly high degree of detail. It is concluded that the Tatar figure made a significant contribution to the development of the Muslim community of Chelyabinsk at the beginning of the 20th century.

The article is devoted to the traditional religious views of Muslims in the early 20th century. The author tried to consider the presented topic in a historical manner and convey the basic concepts through the prism of modern discussions, which are determined both by the legacy of the Soviet past and by modern ideologies that dominate the scientific community. Basic concepts are given that are explained from the point of view of the Muslim worldview. An attempt to explain the difference in views on religious traditions between supporters of modernism and traditionalism is presented. The methods of scientific knowledge among supporters of religious traditionalism are considered. Traditionalism today is practically subjected only to critical analysis. Thus, in some scientific studies there is no objectivity in the scientific results. The prospects for the development of traditional Muslim views in the modern conditions of the existence of religious communities are outlined. Ways to solve the problems of studying the religious traditions of the peoples of the Volga and Urals regions are outlined. The relevance of studying the history of life and modern culture of peoples is raised.

Sadri Maksudi was formed as a personality in the Jadid environment, when changes in the educational process of the Turkic-Muslims of the Russian Empire had already begun. During the rapid development of the Jadid movement, he began to stand out as a social leader. During the rapid development of the Jadid movement, he began to stand out as a social leader. After receiving his primary education, young Sadri, together with his older brother Hadi Maksudi, spent about a year with Ismail Gasprinsky in Crimea and studied at a local madrasah. Returning to Kazan, he graduated from the Tatar teachers' school and then went to study in France. He returned to Russia as a young intellectual who had the knowledge and experience necessary to develop the education system. Soon Maksudi became involved in political activities and was elected to the State Duma of the Russian Empire for two terms. Our article presents the early years of Sadri Maqsudi’s activity, when he just began to engage in social issues and tried to contribute to the development of national education in accordance with the principles of Jadidism. These assessments formed the basis of his work "Magyishat" and were a common thread in the book "Travel to England". These ideas were presented in some of his articles in the "Yoldyz" newspaper, where he also introduced the Tatar-Muslim public to his political views, ideas that contained ways to solve political problems and social issues.

The facts show that the great sons of the Tatar and Ingush peoples, two major figures of the political movement Gayaz Iskhaki (1878–1954) and Vassan-Girey Dzhabagiev (1882–1961) were not only acquaintances and like-minded people, but also close friends. Their paths crossed several times during different periods of their lives in St. Petersburg, Paris, Warsaw and Istanbul. Iskhaki was attached to the Dzhabagiev’s family and taught his children. This is evidenced by the article by V.-G. Dzhabagiev and the memories of his daughter Tamara Dzhabagi-Jankat Kamadzhioglu.

The article attempts to trace the evolution of the Turkey image in the Soviet press of 1964–1982 on the materials of the newspaper "Pravda". This edition was the main press organ of the country and expressed the official point of view of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Chronologically, the work covers the period from 1964 to 1982, that is, the period of the reign of L.I. Brezhnev in the USSR. The purpose of the work is to conduct a quantitative analysis of newspaper texts containing information about Turkey. The empirical basis of the research is the newspaper itself and its content. In the process of preparing the article, methods of scientific research were used, such as analysis, comparison, systematization and classification, methods of quantitative and qualitative content analysis of the newspaper "Pravda". The work examined the development of relations between the USSR and the Turkish Republic. Analysis of the material made it possible to trace the image of Turkey on the pages of the newspaper and to identify what information was conveyed to the Soviet reader.

The publication provides a brief overview of the introductory article by Musa Bigiev (1873–1949) to the qasida of the medieval Koranic expert from Andalusia, Imam Ash-Shatybi (1144–1194). Bigiev’s critical assessment of the methodology of Muslim education, religious literature and the main shortcomings inherent in these elements of Muslim culture are outlined. The reader is offered a translation into Russian of a fragment of the mentioned Bigiev’s article.

The review contains a description of the content of the monograph, dedicated to the study of the history of the county town Menzelinsk in the period from the end of the 18th to the beginning of the 20th century, based on a wide range of sources presented in the funds of the regional and central archives of the Russian Federation. The reviewer emphasizes the scientific and practical significance of the study, which covers a vast chronological period from the time of colonization of the region until the establishment of Soviet power, and notes the scientific contribution of this study to the development of domestic regional historiography.

The article contains information about the life and work of an outstanding orientalist scientist, a talented teacher and writer, Doctor of Historical Sciences, professor, full member of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Archaeological Commission of the Russian Academy of Sciences, member of the Union of Writers of the USSR and the Tatar PEN Center, widely known public figure Mirkasym Abdulakhatovich Usmanov (1934–2010). The main milestones of his life and creative path are reproduced, the results of his scientific research are characterized, his contribution to the study and development of source studies and historiography of the history of the Tatar people and Tatarstan is indicated. Particular attention is paid to the research of M.A. Usmanov on source studies of the history of the Golden Horde.