Siberian Journal of Forest Science

The article presents information on new and rare species of aphyllophoroides (Aphyllophorales s. l.) and agaricoides (Russulales, Boletales) fungi in the National Park «Krasnoyarsk Stolby». 88 new species of fungi were discovered. For each species, information on the location, substrate specificity and time of collection is provided. New species of protected fungi ( Alloclavaria purpurea (O. F. Müll.) Dentinger & D. J. McLaughlin, Hydnellum caeruleum (Hornem.) P. Karst. , Lactarius lignyotus Fr. , Sparassis crispa (Wulfen) Fr.) and new locations of previously known protected species ( Clavariadelphus pistillaris (L.) Donk , Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) P. Karst., Hericium coralloides (Scop.) Pers., Onnia tomentosa (Fr.) P. Karst. , Osteina obducta (Berk.) Donk, Pseudohydnum gelatinosum (Scop.) P. Karst.) were identified.

Current climate change has a significant impact on the functioning of forest ecosystems. For mountainous areas, it is typical for undergrowth to colonize new territories. An urgent task in the observed conditions is to study the adaptation mechanisms of dominant trees. The object of the study was Siberian stone pine trees ( Pinus sibirica Du Tour) of the second age class, growing in the conditions of the altitudinal zonation of the Western Sayan. Important biochemical factors of resistance to stress associated with moisture loss include the synthesis of hydrophilic proteins. For the first time for this species, the features of accumulation of stress proteins-dehydrins (dhn) in needles during the transition to winter dormancy in conditions of altitudinal zonation were studied. It was found that open habitats of Siberian pine growing above the forest line are characterized by a reliable increase in the accumulation of dhn 65 kD in needles. In the studied areas, significant differences in the accumulation of stress protein in individual trees were recorded. The trees most resistant to climatogenic stress were identified as the most promising for obtaining seeds and reproducing forests under climate change conditions. The results obtained suggest the possibility of using the definition of dhn in needles, in combination with other parameters, to develop a comprehensive approach to identifying resistant and productive trees.

The article presents the results of the study of the age structure of high-productive pine stands in Pribaykalie. The structure of forest stands by area, timber stocks, age, species composition and other characteristics is analyzed. An attempt is made to identify patterns in the distribution of the age structure of forest stands in sections with different forest inventory formulas. The establishment of these patterns and common features can be used in economic activities, as well as for solving forest restoration issues. Determining the relationship between tree species and their age structure in specific areas allows us to distinguish simple stands with one storey in height and complex stands with two or more storeys. The age character of a forest stand establishes a certain set of trees that form homogeneity in the age and biological development of the stand, which predetermines its economic importance in organizing forestry. The studies have shown that the intra-population structure of the stands has two predominant species, belonging to the pine (Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.)) and aspen (common aspen ( Populus tremula L.)) economic parts. In relation to these economic parts, an analysis of the age character of the forest stand of the predominant pine economic part is given, which grows in the lingonberry, forb, green moss, alder and nettle groups of forest types. Pine stands of the first quality class are defined as even-aged and uneven-aged. Simple even-aged stands are characterized as pure and absolutely even-aged, as well as even-aged with the inclusion of accompanying species, having in the composition less than one in the reserve of the allotment. Among complex multi-storey stands, relatively even-aged stands located within the same age class, absolutely uneven-aged, relatively uneven-aged with an age spread of up to sixty years stand out. Intermediate types of age structures are characterized by stepped-uneven-aged forest generations.

Two types of salinization are compared: mineralized Cenomanian waters and crude oil bottom waters in different pollution zones (epicenter, impact zone, boundary). The systematic position of soils was determined according to the Classification and Diagnostics of Soils of Russia (Shishov et al., 2004) and the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (IUSS…, 2022). Contaminated soils are classified as technogenically saline podzolic soils ( Chloridictechnic Salictechnic Gleyic Podzol ) and technogenically saline alluvial soils ( Salictechnic Chloridictechnic Technic Gleyic Fluvisol ). To identify the features of salt accumulation during salinization by mineralized Cenomanian waters and crude oil bottom waters, two soil profiles (P-1, P-2, respectively) were laid in the most transformed zone - the epicenter. Samples were taken along the entire depth of the soil profile. In the epicenter, impact zone, pollution boundary, a number of soil pits are also laid (P-1.1, P-1.2, P-1.3; P-2.1, P-2.2, P-2.3). The sampling depth was 0-10 cm and 10-30 cm. In most cases, oil-contaminated soils are characterized by the sulfate type of salinization with anionic composition and the sodium type of salinization with cationic composition. Toxic salts are represented by NaCl, Na₂SO₄, MgCl₂. For technogenically saline soils, sulfate-chloride and sodium types of salinization are characteristic. Toxic salts are represented by NaHCO₃, Na₂SO₄, MgCl₂. The degree of salinization in both types of pollution varies widely: from weak to strong. In oil-contaminated soils, it was found that an increase in the content of oil products is closely related to an increase in the degree of soil salinization at a reliably significant level ( p < 0.05). A method for restoring technogenically saline soils is proposed, based on measures used in melioration practice (arrangement of a system of drainage trenches, ditches; gypsum application; fertilization). It is advisable to supplement the set of measures with a biological stage of reclamation using salt-tolerant vegetation. In oil production, organochlorine compounds are used as a chemical reagent to increase the recovery of the oil reservoir. Chloride ion (the main component of these reagents) is also an available and good solvent capable of removing paraffin deposits in wells. In this regard, this ion was chosen as the main indicator characterizing the efficiency of the applied reclamation solutions. In subsequent years, monitoring of the dynamics of changes in the content of chloride ions in various areas (background, experimental and control) was carried out. The identified features of changes in the ecological state of soils (development of the process of technogenic halogenesis and processes of technogenic alkalization) should be taken into account when conducting new large-scale pilot industrial tests of new environmental protection measures in the middle taiga subzone of Western Siberia.

Paperbark maple ( Acer griseum (Franch.) Pax, Sapindaceae), a plant of central China, is known in the documents of the Peter the Great Botanical Garden of the Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, in St. Petersburg, since 1949, in the modern collection of the Arboretum there are individuals that have been growing since 1999. At the age of 26, the tree reaches 4.85 m in height, with a trunk diameter of 8 cm, forming a crown of 2.9 × 3.8 m. The first flowering was noted in 2015. The first fruiting was noted in 2019, when the plants were already 21 years old. In the conditions of the modern climate of the North-West of Russia, the species is quite winter-hardy. An original ornamental tree, attracts attention primarily with its bright color of the bark throughout the year, as well as the autumn color of the leaves. This species is resistant to diseases and pests. In nature, the species is rare and has an important conservation value. And it is important to preserve it both in situ and ex situ . It is suitable for city parks, squares and small gardens, as well as for rockeries and rock gardens. In terms of decoration, it stands out throughout the calendar year due to its bright special bark, which no other maple has, and is also noticeably attractive in the bright orange-yellow autumn color of the leaves. However, until now, breeding has been limited by the lack of a local seed base and the unstudied quality of the seeds. Thanks to the X-ray analysis of seeds of different years of ripening, it was shown that all the first seeds (harvest 2020) were empty. The seeds of the 2024 harvest are already almost 50 % complete, there is a high hope of getting the first offspring of its own reproduction.