Ivan Semyonovich Klyuzhev – teacher, reformer and statesman of Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century

The historical experience of developing reforms in the process of establishing the Russian education system at the beginning of the 20th century has great potential for understanding the development features and specifics of the modern Russian school. I.S. Klyuzhev had a distinguished career as a teacher and, as an experienced practitioner who deeply understood the challenges of school education, attained a respected social position and the right to represent the interests of the Samara province in the Russian parliament. One of the brightest representatives of this galaxy of public and pedagogical figures was Ivan Semenovich Klyuzhev, who made a significant contribution to the development of a whole series of bills on the organization of schools, submitted for discussion in the State Duma of Russia. I.S. Klyuzhev made a brilliant career as a teacher and, being an experienced practitioner who understood the problems of school education well, achieved a social position and the right to represent the interests of the Samara province in the Russian parliament. He became an active participant in the sections and committees of the Duma dealing with issues of Russian education, where he sought to implement ideas that, in his opinion, contributed to the solution of key issues of the state’s educational policy. Klyuzhev co-authored the most important bills on universal education in Russia, on the reform of teacher training institutes and a number of other laws that contributed to the development of schooling in the country. After the February Revolution of 1917, he joined the Special Committee under the Ministry of Public Education to work on similar laws under the Russian Provisional Government. He was the head of the department of the Ministry of Public Education of the Kolchak government, where he also participated in resolving the most important issues of education in the territories under his jurisdiction and was engaged in organizing a broad discussion of the new school legislation. The article is written on a broad, previously unused source base, revealing key aspects and supplementing little-known facts in the biography of I.S. Klyuzhev.

Ivan Semenovich Klyuzhev, reforms of Russian education at the beginning of the 20th century, introduction of universal primary education, State Duma bills, teacher training