Volume 13, Nº 3 (2023)

Introduction. In cities, a large number of buildings are multi-storey. Multi-storey buildings can be public, industrial and residential. Buildings with a height of more than 75 m are called high-rise, with a height of more than 100 m — unique. The frames of multi-storey buildings consist of columns, ties and ceilings. The bearing capacity and rigidity of the building frame is determined by the interaction of all the elements of the frame. The overlaps transfer the load to vertical load-bearing structures, form horizontal hard disks that combine columns with vertical connections, affect horizontal movements and vibrations of the frame. The stress-strain state of the frame is affected by defects and deviations from the design solution. The quality of a construction object depends not only on the quality of design and manufacturing, but also on the quality of construction and installation work. During the installation of building structures, the main objectives are to ensure the spatial position of building elements required by the project, the mutual connection of structures with each other, ensuring the safety of installation work. Installation of building structures is a complex process of assembling buildings from separate, pre-made elements. Increasing the efficiency of installation work is based on the use of progressive methods of work production, increasing the level of automation and mechanization of work. Geometric dimensional tolerances in construction are divided into functional and technological. For a frame structure with rigid interfaces of elements, deviations from the design position lead to the appearance of additional, primarily bending moments, which may cause earlier exhaustion of the bearing capacity. The relevance of the work is to develop a design methodology for steel frames of multi-storey buildings, taking into account fabrication and installation errors.Materials and methods. The calculation of steel frames can be performed in linear and nonlinear formulation. The linear calculation does not take into account the deformation of the system under the action of the load and the forces accumulated in the frame elements. With the nonlinear approach, the calculation is performed by several methods: Elastic analysis of the second order-Plastic analysis of the second order. The assessment of the impact of initial imperfections was carried out on the example of a frame structure of a 10-storey residential building. When performing the calculation, the finite element model of the core frame is taken into account. The work of a separate flat frame is considered, which takes into account the design features of the frame. LIRA-SAPR 2021 computing complex was used for the calculation. Initial imperfections of the frame were taken in accordance with the current Russian standards. In addition to direct consideration of the distorted geometry, calculations were performed with additional distributed horizontal loads applied on each floor according to Eurocode 1993-1-1. The movements and forces of characteristic points and sections of the frame obtained by different methods were compared with each other. The influence of imperfections on movements and efforts from individual loads was studied. The cross sections of the frame elements were initially selected so that its bearing capacity was ensured under the action of combinations of combinations of design loads. The calculated combination of loads includes constant load, snow load, payload, wind load.Results. When analyzing the results, it is necessary to take into account that direct accounting of assembly and manufacturing errors in the geometry of the frame is more correct, but requires the formation of more complex calculation schemes that take into account the errors of the geometry of the frame. The displacements and forces obtained by linear calculation of the frame structure differ little from the results of nonlinear calculation, which allows us to recommend a linear calculation method for the frame structure.Conclusions. Based on calculations of the stress-strain state of the frame of a multi-storey building, it was found that direct accounting of manufacturing and assembly errors in the geometry of the frame allows for a more accurate assessment of the work of the frame. The use of Eurocode technique with additional horizontal loads at the level of each floor using a frame structure leads to excessive movements and efforts compared to the actual ones.

Introduction. For many decades there have already been attempts, and sometimes very successful, to create unique urban areas. But these areas were developed mainly as single variants on the formation of urban environment. Basically, they built areas of multi-story buildings according to the average requirements for the comfort of the urban environment. In the modern world, these areas no longer meet the requirements of living and require renovation in accordance with the modern concepts of comfortable living. A study based on Russian and foreign urban planning projects of renovation of areas with mass multi-story buildings is presented.Materials and methods. Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign urban planning experience in the formation of comfortable living environment in the districts and neighbourhoods of large cities, a conceptual project of comprehensive renovation of urban areas of mass construction of 1960s–2000s is proposed.Results. On the example of the Lesoparkovaya metro area the concept of renovation of the area, creation of more comfortable living environment, attraction of holidaymakers, new residents, workers to new jobs to the areas by creating a structure — attractor with development of underground space is presented. Presented two concepts of this structure will attract people to visit the district and use public transport, namely — metro Lesoparkovaya, Butovskaya line.Conclusions. The presented concept can serve as a baseline for the renovation of neighbourhoods with mass development. This requires a so-called attractor, which will attract certain segments of the population, as well as a comprehensive development of the whole neighbourhood. It is necessary that the concept of the neighbourhoods should not be repeated and should be unique. Therefore, everyone will be able to find a rest area, living and working area according to their interests.

Introduction. One of the most common ways to save heat energy and money is the use of recuperator units in mechanical ventilation systems. In this article, we will talk about the modernized air recuperator. In the process the design feature, layout and operation algorithm of this heat exchanger device will be demonstrated. In order to increase the choice of type and designs of air heat exchangers, designers will be offered and described the variant of designed combined recuperator with an exhaust air intake device from the room, which in the process will be one of the versions of the device increasing the efficiency factor in mechanical ventilation systems. The recuperator is an indispensable element for modern unique buildings and structures.Materials and methods. The recuperator is proposed as an analogue of existing ones and belongs to the field of energy saving in mechanical ventilation systems.Results. The efficiency increase in comparison with analogues is carried out due to: the use of the recuperator as a combined exhaust air intake unit from the room, an increase in the area of contact of heat carriers, a special internal structure capable of more uniform heat transfer, an atypical arrangement of the recuperator installation to avoid freezing and "defrosting" of condensate at the heat transfer surface. The heating flow of the supply air through the combined recuperator with the exhaust air intake device from the room in the mechanical ventilation system is regulated by automation to maintain a more comfortable supply temperature in the room.Conclusions. The new design acquires an increased efficiency compared to its analogues.

Introduction. Russia is in the process of establishing a new urban planning regulation using information and communication technologies to achieve sustainable development of territories. The relevant questions are: 1) improving education; 2) qualifications of all participants in urban development activities. The paper presents proposals for the formation of scientific foundations for the creation of a system to support the adoption of urban planning decisions in terms of personnel training.Materials and methods. The comparative analysis of international and Russian regulatory and legal documentation, a scientific and practical review of the system of interdisciplinary urban planning education (architecture, construction, sociology, economics, ecology, ecology, culture, geoinformatics, geocartography) were carried out.Results. The analysis of the situation in education in the direction of urban development in Russia is carried out. Approaches to the systematic improvement of education in the areas of “Urban Planning”, “Architecture” and “Construction” are proposed. A model of the structural organization of components and types of settlement objects (briefly Model) is presented. The Model is the scientific basis for creating a Decision Support System (DSS) for urban planning.Conclusions. It seems that the scientific school of urban planning should be based on the Model, a methodology of urban planning regulation using information and communication technologies. Such a scientific school of urban planning will contribute to the interconnection of all participants in urban planning activities. The direction of “Urban planning” in the Model provides the organization of a systemic relationship of participants in a variety of areas in education. The “model” takes into account all the variety of tasks of conceptual forecasting, planning, design of various urban types of the territory (all types of urban transformations in the territory), spatial planning solutions of buildings, structures, processes of creation and operation of buildings, structures on a single methodological basis.

Introduction. The article deals with the actual issues of application of traditional and innovative technologies in teaching students of construction specialities in Priazovsk State Technical University (PSTU). The peculiarities of integration of specialized civil engineering education and a wide range of directions of university education are analyzed. The infrastructure of competence-based approach to motivate professional, scientific and career development of construction personnel is proposed. The necessity of expanding the interaction of educational, industry, scientific and public organizations and business for successful implementation of the tasks of technological development of the building industry is shown.Materials and methods. The epistemological essence of modern technological development in the conditions of post-industrial society is analyzed. On the basis of the historical-systemic method, the interdependence of traditions and innovations in the sphere of technical and economic interaction between education, architecture and construction is considered. Spatial and temporal characteristics of continuity conditions in the process of personally oriented education in the field of construction are presented. The tasks of programme-targeted management of creative and innovative potential in the interests of restoration, technological modernization and reconstruction of the industrial complex of Donbass are formulated.Results. Practical results of the research and development carried out on the basis of scientific, educational and industrial cooperation on the problem of technological safety and corrosion protection of industrial facilities are systematized. The priorities of interaction between the elements of the “science – education – business” infrastructure model, as well as transformation of corporate knowledge into educational programmes and postgraduate continuing education are revealed. The prospect of activity of “Tekhnoresurs” Scientific and Educational Centre in the development of pilot projects to promote of digital technologies of technological safety management of industrial facilities is substantiated.Conclusions. It is proposed to implement educational programmes and scientific research in the field of construction based on the principles of programme-targeted management. The problem of resource, reliability and safety of construction facilities requires the analysis of regional conditions of industrial and technological development of Donbass. The infrastructure model, balanced on the basis of interrelation of traditions and innovations, provides the competence approach of personality-oriented continuing education in the field of construction. The directions of deepening the knowledge of PSTU students in the field of construction, with account for the existing practice of managing technological safety of industrial facilities.