Construction: science and education
Scientific and Practical Online Journal
Certificate of Registration of a Media Outlet ЭЛ № ФС 77 - 63118 от 18.09.2015, issued by Federal Service for Supervision in the Sphere of Telecom, Information Technologies and Mass Communications (Roskomnadzor).
Frequency / Access: 4 issues per year (quarterly) / Open
Founder: Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University)
Editor-in-Chief: Alexander R. Tusnin, Dr. Tech. Sciences, Professor, Director of IPGS (National Research University MGSU)
Frequency / Access: 4 issues per year / Open
Included in: Higher Attestation Commission list, RISC
The main thematic sections of the journal publish scientific articles, reviews, brief reports, scientific and methodological materials (articles on the application of scientific achievements in the educational process and on the issues of practical activities of construction industry enterprises), reviews of current publications.
LIST OF THE MAIN THEMATIC SECTIONS:
- Innovations and fundamental research of construction science and production.
- Building structures. Soils and foundations. Technology and organization of construction. Designing of buildings and constructions. Engineering survey and inspection of buildings.
- Structural mechanics and structural analysis.
- Architecture. Reconstruction. Restoration. Creative concepts of architectural activity. Architectural design. Urban development. Urban management.
- Building materials and products. Technologies for building materials production. Nanomaterials and nanotechnologies.
- Engineering systems. Exploitation of buildings. Problems of Housing and Communal Complex. Energy efficiency and energy saving. Safety of buildings and structures. Ecology.
- Information systems and logistics in construction.
- Organization of higher education in the field of construction and architecture. Additional education and retraining of personnel in the construction industry.
- Construction industry news: reviews of events, conferences, exhibitions, book novelties. Brief communications. Discussions and reviews.
THEMATIC COVERAGE corresponds to the approved nomenclature of scientific specialties on which academic degrees are awarded:
2.1.1. Building structures (Engineering sciences);
2.1.2. Bases and foundations, underground structures (Engineering sciences);
2.1.3. Heat supply, ventilation, air conditioning, gas supply and lighting (Engineering sciences);
2.1.4. Water supply, sewerage, construction systems for the protection of water resources (Engineering sciences);
2.1.6. Hydraulic engineering, hydraulics and engineering hydrology (Engineeringl sciences);
2.1.5. Building materials and products (Engineering sciences);
2.1.7. Technology and organization of construction (Engineering sciences);
2.1.9. Building mechanics (Engineering sciences);
2.1.10. Environmental safety of construction and urban economy (Engineering sciences);
2.1.11. Theory and history of architecture, restoration and reconstruction of historical and architectural heritage (Architectural sciences);
2.1.12. Architecture of buildings and structures. Creative concepts of architectural activity (Architectural sciences);
2.1.13. Urban planning, planning of rural settlements (Engineering sciences)
2.1.14. Life cycle management of construction objects (Engineering sciences).
Current Issue
Vol 14, No 3 (2024)
Building structures. Soils and foundations. Technology and organization of construction. Designing of buildings and constructions. Engineering survey and inspection of buildings
The first aluminium alloy road bridge in Russia
Abstract
Introduction. Nowadays, structures made of modern aluminium alloys are increasingly used in almost all areas of industrial and construction production, which is a consequence of the unique physical and mechanical properties of aluminium alloys, which make it possible to create structures of various purposes that are effective in weight, strength and aesthetic parameters, while having increased corrosion resistance compared with steel structures. Combinations of such unique properties of aluminium alloys have proved to be extremely in demand in many areas of construction and, in particular, in bridge construction, initially in the construction of a wide variety of pedestrian bridges, and more recently, more often in the construction of road bridges. The presence of numerous examples of already built and operated bridges in the world and domestic construction practice proved their obvious advantages in terms of manufacturability and speed of construction and the practical absence of problems during operation, which served as an incentive for the increasingly expanding use of aluminium alloys for the construction of road bridges.Materials and methods. This trend did not bypass Russia, and by December 2023, on the initiative of the Aluminum Association and UC RUSAL, the state order of the Government of the Nizhny Novgorod Region, the first road bridge in the Russian Federation across the river was designed, built and put into operation. Linda. The bridge is two-lane, 4-span, 72 m long, on reinforced concrete supports, the superstructure is entirely made of aluminium alloys.Results. This construction was preceded by a long (since 2016) stage of research and development (R&D), the results of which served as the basis for the optimal choice of aluminium alloy grades, production technologies and design methods for this bridge. NRU MGSU is a leading organisation, which, with the participation of a number of other organisations, successfully carried out this stage.Conclusions. The aluminium alloy road bridge over the Linda River in the Nizhny Novgorod Region was commissioned in December 2023. An automated monitoring system will be installed on the bridge, allowing remote monitoring of the technical condition of the bridge in continuous mode.
Construction: science and education. 2024;14(3):6-27
6-27
Parameters of non-linear models of soil for analysis of stress-strain state of a rockfill dam
Abstract
Introduction. Calculations of stress-strain state (SSS) of the first and second classes embankment dams are required to be carried out using non-linear models of soil. Such models include the Hardening Soil model (model HS) and Mohr – Coulomb model (model MC). It is important to determine the parameters of these models for coarse soils: crushed stone and gravel-pebble.Materials and methods. Parameters of the HS model for coarse soils were determined by processing of the results of triaxial tests, which are presented in foreign publications. Parameters of the MC model were determined from condition of the SSS approximate correspondence of a high dam (100 m high) obtained by using two models. Stress-strain state of the dam was determined by means of numerical modelling in the PLAXIS 2D software package.Results. HS model parameters are selected; which allow satisfactory description of soil behaviour at deviatoric loading; noticeable deviations are revealed only in values of volumetric deformations. Comparison showed that crushed stone whose test results are used for determination of models’ parameters, refers to properly compacted soil of modern rockfill dams. When selecting the parameters for the MC model, which are equivalent to the HS model, the results of rockfill dam numerical modelling were checked both in deformations and in stress-strain state. At the dam SSS formation there vividly revealed the effect of soil “hardening”: at the stage of perceiving hydrostatic pressure the soil deformation sharply decreases as compared to the stage of loads from the dead weight. Therefore, it is reasonable to select parameters of the MC model separately for two stages of the dam loading.Conclusions. The HS model in general makes it possible to reflect non-linear deformations of coarse soils, however, it does not take into account the curvilinear character of the limiting surface and cannot simultaneously reflect the phenomena of contraction and dilatancy. Use of the MC model does not permit adequate simulation of rockfill dam SSS; the selected parameters of the MC model may be used only for approximate calculations.
Construction: science and education. 2024;14(3):28-56
28-56
Architecture. Reconstruction. Restoration. Creative concepts of architectural activity. Architectural design. Urban development. Urban management
Development background and trends in hospice architecture in China
Abstract
Introduction. In this study, the author aimed to characterize the current status of hospice and palliative care in China, to identify current trends in hospice architectural design in China, to give recommendations for further research on the subject of hospice architecture in China.Materials and methods. Methods were applied to analyze publications in English and Chinese (translated into Russian) from 2010 to 2024, using electronic databases Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed/Medline, using the keywords “hospice architecture in China”, “palliative care in China”, “Chinese hospice”, or “terminal care in China”. An interdisciplinary approach is also applied, considering the influence of medical, sociological, demographic, managerial aspects on the architectural design of hospices within China.Results. The research is presented in the form of a historical review and the current state of hospice and palliative care in China, identification of modern trends in the architectural design of hospices in China, their organizational and architectural and artistic features. These results can be used in scientific research on the subject and in design practice in the design of palliative care centres and hospices.Conclusions. The prerequisites for the development of the hospice movement in China are given. The analysis of the demographic situation, which has a direct influence on the architectural-planning and urban planning organization of hospices in China is carried out. Recommendations for further development of scientific research on the architecture of such objects are given.
Construction: science and education. 2024;14(3):57-69
57-69
Engineering systems. Exploitation of buildings. Problems of Housing and Communal Complex. Energy efficiency and energy saving. Safety of buildings and structures. Ecology
Modelling natural light in a room with a lattice smart window
Abstract
Introduction. A method for modelling natural lighting in rooms with a new type of smart windows with lattice optical filter is proposed. Numerous BPS computer programmes do not have appropriate functions for modelling in rooms with grating smart windows due to their distinctive features and novelty. The method for calculating the Continuous Daylight Autonomy (cDA) was modified and numerical modelling was carried out on its basis.Materials and methods. Methods for calculating the geometric parameters of the grating filter and the temporal characteristics of the light transmission of a smart window are presented, and a method for calculating the cDA index in a room with a grating smart window located at an optimal angle adapted to the trajectory of the Sun relative to the window is developed.Results. The results of numerical modelling according to the developed method for a triple-glazed window with thermochromic material with a switching temperature of 25 °C in a building in Orenburg were obtained. For the hottest period in June, July and August, the cDA index is calculated in the coloured state of the thermochromic filter material, for other months its uncoloured state is taken. The advantage of lattice smart windows over traditional ones is shown in the form of increased illumination both in the colored and uncoloured states of the thermochromic material. By letting in more diffuse light while blocking direct light at a predetermined time, grating windows provide a more uniform year-round distribution of illumination throughout the depth of the room.Conclusions. Lattice smart windows are recommended for the eastern, southern and western facades of buildings with daytime operation mode to achieve more comfortable daylight conditions at workplaces and minimize energy consumption and costs for heating, ventilation, air conditioning.
Construction: science and education. 2024;14(3):70-88
70-88
Calculation of the characteristics of the thermal regime of the room with proportional-integral regulation of climate systems
Abstract
Introduction. Further development of methods for calculating the thermal regime of premises under different algorithms of regulating the equipment of microclimate systems is still relevant. The aim of the research is to find an approximate analytical dependence of air temperature on time in air-conditioned rooms with a jump-like thermal effect and combined proportional-integral regulation of central climate systems in the absence of local heating and cooling units. As a scientific hypothesis, the position is put forward on the possibility of expressing this dependence through formulas for integral regulation already obtained by the author using correction coefficients.Materials and methods. The basic differential equation for the dimensionless excess temperature in the room, including the most significant components of the heat flux, is used, while taking into account the peculiarities of the temperature wave propagation in massive enclosures in the initial period of time. Linearization and small parameter methods are used for asymptotic analytical solutions, as well as well as Runge – Kutta method for finding a numerical solution.Results. Expressions for the maximum deviation of the air temperature from the setpoint and for the time it is reached, depending on the magnitude of the heat surpluses and the characteristics of the room’s own thermal stability, as well as well as on the control parameters, including asymptotic ones at small moments of time from the beginning of the thermal disturbance and a small share of the proportional component of the controller, are obtained. A comparison of the results of numerical integration of the basic differential equation with the indicated asymptotic solutions is presented.Conclusions. It is shown that the asymptotic expressions for the dynamic control error and the time of its achievement are obtained from formulas previously found by the author for purely integral control by introducing correction factors containing a dimensionless parameter characterising the ratio of the proportional and integral components of the controller. These correlations are confirmed by comparing different variants of analytical solutions, have a fairly universal appearance, require a minimum number of source data and are available for engineering practice.
Construction: science and education. 2024;14(3):89-99
89-99
Information modelling of water supply and sanitation systems
Abstract
Introduction. Information modelling technologies are becoming increasingly popular in the design field, taking the process of construction and operation of civil and industrial buildings, linear objects to a new, progressive level. In world practice, digital models of buildings and structures are also created in order to carry out their reconstruction. Russian legislation promotes the transition of the construction industry to the creation of digital information models: roadmaps for the introduction of information modelling technologies, regulatory documents are being created, grants for the development of domestic software are provided. Research objectives: consideration of the general procedure for modelling building water supply and sanitation systems in the Russian BIM Renga system, formulation of recommendations for optimizing design work, review of regulatory documentation in force in Russia in the field of information modelling.Materials and methods. Theoretical research methods: review and analysis of Russian regulatory documentation in the field of information modelling. Empirical methods included the use of Renga BIM system tools in the preparation of an information model of engineering systems.Results. The current regulatory documentation in the field of information modelling (codes of rules, state standards, guidelines) is considered. The procedure for modelling the engineering systems of a building (water supply and sewerage) is described with the use of explanatory illustrative material.Conclusions. The current regulatory documentation in the field of information modelling (codes of practice, state standards, guidelines) is considered. The procedure for modelling the engineering systems of a building (water supply and sewerage) is described with the use of explanatory illustrative material.
Construction: science and education. 2024;14(3):100-118
100-118
Variable approaches to assessing manufacturability when producing work on construction systems
Abstract
Introduction. At present, in scientific research, manufacturability of various types: manufacturability of building structures, manufacturability of design solutions, manufacturability of work production and manufacturability of operation of buildings and structures — are determined by various quantitative and qualitative indicators. These indicators form a set of evaluation criteria that allows assessing the level of manufacturability of building systems at various stages. Approaches to assessing manufacturability can vary depending on the initial indicators of manufacturability and the goals of the final result.Materials and methods. The paper is based on the study of variable approaches to assessing manufacturability in the construction of building systems, based on the application of factor models of deterministic analysis. The following key factor models are considered: additive, multiplicative, multiple and mixed (combined). Variations of the resulting indicator — the indicator of manufacturability, based on these models when considering factor features in absolute and relative values are established and analyzed.Results. The completed systematization of variable approaches to technological assessment can serve as a basis for modelling the level of technological effectiveness of construction systems at various stages of the life cycle depending on the factorial characteristics of the processes, as well as as a basis for the formation of a methodological base for a comprehensive assessment of technological effectiveness in the production of work on the installation of construction systems.Conclusions. In the considered variable approaches, in most cases, the calculations of the indicators of manufacturability showed that the considered factor characteristics in the production of the device of building systems provide a mutual influence on the basis for calculating the resulting indicator. Within the framework of approaches based on the use of deterministic factor analysis in assessing manufacturability, the next stage is the study and analysis of the change in the indicator of manufacturability in the production of works on the device of building systems, as a result indicator.
Construction: science and education. 2024;14(3):119-130
119-130
Modern approaches to assessing the technical condition of building structures at the operational stage
Abstract
Introduction. The paper is devoted to the development of approaches to the construction of an automated assessment system for the technical condition of building structures using defect detection mechanisms and preliminary assessment of the physical deterioration of buildings based on artificial intelligence methods. Modern construction objects are characterized by high complexity and scale, which requires special attention to the quality and reliability of structures. Traditional methods of technical maintenance do not always show their effectiveness due to the influence of human factors. Currently, the primary method of defects detention remains visual inspection, which, although it allows to assess the condition of objects, depends on the level of qualification and attentiveness of the evaluator. This creates risks of error, which can threaten the safety of buildings and lead to incorrect decisions regarding repairs and maintenance. The aim of the research is to analyze the required functionality and modelling of an automated system capable of quickly and accurately identifying potential defects in building structures and assessing likely physical deterioration.Materials and methods. The comprehensive approach includes two main components: a system for analyzing accumulated data on the physical deterioration of residential properties and a defect detection mechanism based on image analysis using artificial intelligence. The main input data for analysis are the results of photographic documentation of the building condition, as well as the volume of accumulated observations and data on the physical deterioration of the housing stock over a long period of observation.Results. The libraries and tools necessary for the implementation of this system are described in detail, including popular frameworks for machine learning and image processing.Conclusions. Modern approaches based on the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning methods open new horizons in the detection of defects and forecasting the technical condition of buildings. They significantly increase the speed and accuracy of analysis.
Construction: science and education. 2024;14(3):131-142
131-142