No 1 (2025)
MODELS, SYSTEMS, NETWORKS IN ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT
ANTI-RUSSIAN ECONOMIC SANCTIONS:CONSEQUENCES AND COUNTERACTION
Abstract
Background. In recent decades, the sanctions policy has acquired special importance in international competition, which is why the issue under study is relevant. The purpose of the study is to identify the consequences and identify measures to counter economic anti-Russian sanctions. Materials and methods. The research was based on methods of descriptive analysis, systematic analysis, unity of historical and logical, comparative analysis, factual data on economic sanctions and counter-sanctions imposed on Russia by Russia, official statistical data on Russia's foreign economic activity (export and import indicators for 2014–2023). Results. Based on the analysis, the sectors and branches of the Russian economy most affected by sanctions have been identified, and the tasks and directions of economic development of the domestic economy in the context of sanctions pressure from foreign countries have been identified. Conclusions. The international economic sanctions imposed on Russia have both a negative impact on the domestic economy and create incentives and opportunities for its development and sustainability and self-sufficiency based on import substitution and diversification of production and foreign economic relations.
5-19
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF UNIVERSITIES-PARTICIPANTS OF WORLD-CLASS SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL CENTERS
Abstract
Background. At the present stage, the transition to a new system of higher education in the Russian Federation is being prepared. To ensure the effectiveness of educational activities in these conditions, it is necessary to use mechanisms based on institutions for the development of innovative activities. The latter include world-class scientific and educational centers, the potential of which in terms of improving the effectiveness of educational activities of participating universities has not been fully studied. Materials and methods. To characterize the competitiveness of the regions-initiators of world-class scientific and educational centers, some indicators of the innovative development rating of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, formed by the National Research University Higher School of Economics, were used; to characterize the competitiveness of the participating universities – data from the Education rating of the National University Ranking formed by the Interfax News Agency, data from monitoring the effectiveness of universities and data from an independent assessment of the quality of conditions for the implementation of educational activities, which is carried out by the relevant Public Council under the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia. Together with a comparative analysis of the competitiveness of the regions-initiators and universities-participants of world-class scientific and educational centers, the content of university development programs is analyzed. The research was conducted in the context of the world-class scientific and educational center "Engineering of the Future". Results. During the stratification of the regions-initiators of the creation of this scientific and educational center based on the results of 2021 and 2022, regions with a relatively high level of innovative development and a high level of development of the participating universities located on their territory were identified. The development programs of a number of universities reflect strategic projects aimed at improving the efficiency of educational activities by increasing the level of digital transformation. Conclusions. World-class scientific and educational centers created within the framework of the national project "Science and Universities" have good potential to ensure the efficiency of educational activities of the participating universities in terms of educational programs corresponding to the areas of scientific projects of the centers. For the participating universities, the implementation of updated development programs from the standpoint of including in the strategic projects of universities measures to transform educational activities in the new conditions may be effective.
20-31
BUILDING AN EFFECTIVE MOTIVATION SYSTEM AS A WAY TO MANAGE THE INNOVATION PROCESS AT ENTERPRISES OF HIGH-TECH INDUSTRIES
Abstract
Background. The article is devoted to one of the most urgent tasks in organizations of high-tech industries to build a motivation system that allows accelerating the pace of development of the Russian economy in the face of sanctions pressure, a shortage of human capital and focus on domestic resources and import substitution. The purpose of the work: to show the possibility of using modern approaches to building a motivation system aimed at accelerating the innovative activities of enterprises in high-tech industries. Materials and methods. The methodology of work is based on a systematic approach that allows using modern conditions for the development of high-tech industries to manage the innovation process. Results. It shows the need to move to an effective motivation system with a clear quantitative assessment of the constant and variable remuneration of employees of high-tech enterprises, which allows to reveal and increase the potential of the employee. Conclusions. The conclusions noted the consequences of using a motivation system to accelerate the innovation process in high-tech industries.
32-45
ANALYSIS AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF DISTRIBUTION OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNICAL SPECIALTIES GRADUATES OF PENZA STATE UNIVERSITY
Abstract
Background. The growing demand for skilled personnel to implement technological innovations and develop infrastructure underscores the relevance of analyzing and numerically modeling the distribution of graduates in engineering and technical specialties (ETS). Therefore, it is essential to conduct regular monitoring of the demand and supply of ETS in the labor market to respond adequately to changes and ensure the availability of necessary personnel for the successful development of businesses. This helps identify shortages or surpluses of specialists in specific fields, optimizes educational programs, and ensures that graduates' training meets labor market requirements. In the context of digitalization and the transition to sustainable development, it is crucial to effectively utilize resources to cultivate the engineering potential of the country. The aim of this study is to develop appropriate mathematical models for simulating the distribution of graduates from the Penza State University (PSU) engineering programs. Materials and methods. Statistical analysis methods, econometric modeling, and economic-mathematical modeling are employed. Results. In the context of rapid changes in the labor market and the growing need for highly qualified personnel, the distribution of graduates of engineering and technical specialties is of particular importance. Based on foreign and domestic models of the labor market, three mathematical models have been developed to analyze the distribution of graduates of engineering and technical specialties at PSU. These models serve as a tool for forecasting the number of bachelors, specialists and masters who will look for work after graduation. Using the constructed mathematical models and the results of previous related studies, an average forecast for the distribution of PSU ITS graduates in the transition period "study-work" until 2028 has been formed. Conclusions. The results obtained not only allow for forecasting the distribution of graduates but also assess the potential imbalance between demand and supply of specialists in this field. These data highlight the necessity of enhancing the prestige of technical specialties and the relevance of engineering education. The successful development of research activities and industry, as well as the high-tech service sector, becomes critically important for the reindustrialization of Russia's economy.
46-57
MODELS, SYSTEMS, MECHANISMS IN THE TECHNIQUE
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE REPLENISHMENT OF ENGINEERING PERSONNEL ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE RYAZAN REGION
Abstract
Background. This paper provides a statistical and analytical analysis of the prospects for providing engineering personnel to enterprises based on statistical data on the graduation of schoolchildren from the Ryazan region and the results of the Unified State Exam. The purpose of the work is to analyze the overall potential of the region to increase the volume of training in engineering areas of training and specialties and to identify trends at the stage of general training of applicants in the main subjects necessary for the training of engineering personnel in educational institutions of secondary general education, to identify patterns and trends in the arrays of sample populations graduating from grades 9 and 11 in the period from 2017 to 2025. The tasks of processing a number of sample sets of the 9th and 11th grade graduates, analyzing the choice of subjects for the Unified State Exam (USE), distributing applicants by USE subjects in the context of the potential replenishment of engineering personnel for the period from 2019 to 2024 and overcoming the minimum thresholds for admission to universities are considered. Materials and methods. In preparing the materials of the article, methods of data preparation and purification, processing of sample populations based on the construction of variation series, determination of sample fractions, the histogram method for visualizing the data obtained, correlation and regression analysis were used. The analysis of the results of the Unified State Exam is carried out from the perspective of overcoming / not overcoming the minimum threshold set by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for universities subordinate to it. Results. Based on the results of the analysis, downward trends have been identified in the prospect of replenishing engineering staff associated with a decrease in the quality of school education, and a pattern has been established for a decrease in the number of students taking the Unified State Exam in physics with a simultaneous, but disproportionate, increase in a similar indicator in computer science. The absolute minimum of the Unified State Exam results in many subjects critical for engineering education in 2023 has been revealed. Conclusions. The increase in the number of budget places for engineering training and specialties does not lead to an increase in the popularity of the latter. Such phenomena as shortages, and especially shortages in 2023, when problems with admission arose in a number of metropolitan universities, have become commonplace against the background of a decrease in the quality of applicants' training.
58-74
SEGMENTATION OF ELECTRONIC PLANOGRAMS BY MEANS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Abstract
Background. Computer plantography is one of the methods of diagnosing the condition of the feet. During the calculation of clinical and functional parameters during the study, one of the stages is to identify points lying on the border of the foot's contact zone with the support surface. In the form of active development of artificial intelligence technologies, an urgent task is to develop a model for segmentation of contact zones as one of the stages of automation of this research. The purpose of the work is to develop and evaluate a segmentation model of the foot support zone in computer plantography images using artificial intelligence. Materials and methods. The study used a dataset containing 500 images of computer plantography of different patients. Results. Based on the results of training the yolo11x-seg model (image segmentation model), high performance was achieved in detecting and segmenting contact zones in the anterior and middle parts of the foot and separately in the posterior part of the foot. The quality metrics of the model were: mAP50 0,9727, mAP50-95 0,8293, accuracy 0,9849, completeness 0,9684 in the segmented area detection task, and mAP50 0,9727, mAP50-95 0,8482, accuracy 0,9849, completeness 0,9688 in the semantic segmentation task. The obtained indicators reflect the ability of the model to effectively identify and segment the common contact area in the forefoot and middle part of the foot, as well as the contact area in the posterior part of the foot. Conclusions. The integration of this model into medical decision support systems will speed up the process of image analysis and reduce the labor costs of specialists, which will optimize research and improve the quality of medical services.
75-83
SOFT CONTROL OF A NON-LINEAR ECONOMIC SYSTEM
Abstract
Background. The paper considers the problem of managing an economic system represented by a nonlinear model under conditions of uncertainty. Materials and methods. The economic system is described by a nonlinear model that includes a random factor and a controlling influence from the state. Within the framework of this model, expert knowledge-based management algorithms are built to ensure balanced and sustainable development. Results. A study of the proposed dynamic model describing cycles in the economy and a comparative analysis of the control algorithm using precise and fuzzy control algorithms are carried out. Conclusions. Certain advantages of the proposed fuzzy control algorithm for a nonlinear model based on expert knowledge are highlighted, which can be useful in developing control systems of higher dimension, where the use of classical methods may not be sufficiently justified or appropriate.
84-100
MODEL FOR THE FORMATION OF A PROJECT TEAM COMPOSITION BASED ON DISCRETE OPTIMIZATION METHODS
Abstract
Background. The research is devoted to the development of a model for the formation of optimal team composition for projects in general, and for innovative ones in particular, which are the basis of economic progress in the modern information society. The problem lies in the need to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of projects by optimizing the composition of teams. The aim of the study is to create a mathematical model for the formation of project teams, taking into account factors such as qualifications, productivity and innovative potential of participants. Materials and methods. The methodological and instrumental basis of the research was made up of general scientific and special optimization methods, the basics of cybernetics, and mathematical modeling. Results. The paper examines existing approaches to team building and develops an algorithm that minimizes personnel costs while maintaining high efficiency. The practical application of the model is demonstrated by the example of IT projects, which shows the possibilities of optimizing human resources and increasing productivity. The model ensures the optimal composition of the project team, which in turn contributes to the economic progress of project-oriented enterprises. Conclusions. The research is aimed at improving project management methods and models and may be useful for project managers, HR specialists and company management seeking to implement methods to optimize the composition of teams in the implementation of projects. The implementation of the developed model can help to increase the predictability and manageability of projects, which is especially important in the context of the growing complexity and scale of modern projects.
101-113
METHODOLOGY OF PRECLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS STUDIING THE MOBILITY NODE OF HIP JOINT ENDOPROSTHESES BASED ON MATHEMATICAL MODELING
Abstract
Background. The relevance of the topic is due to the need for preclinical research of friction pairs of hip endoprostheses, aimed at optimizing the treatment and diagnostic processes of human hip arthroplasty. The aim of the work is to develop and test a methodology for studying the medical and biological processes of functioning of hip endoprostheses, which allows assessing the strength and wear resistance of friction pairs. Materials and methods. The research methodology uses regression mathematical modeling of stresses in the mobility unit of the hip endoprosthesis based on the medical and biological processes of functioning of the hip joint and a comparative test of volumetric wear of friction pairs. Results. The developed simulation and mathematical models of medical and biological processes of functioning of the hip joint made it possible to assess the reliability of the designs of friction pairs made of carbositall alloy. Evaluation of the obtained stress data revealed high reliability of the mobility unit with a friction pair made of carbositall alloy. Volumetric wear of the friction pair made of carbositall-ceramic is 31.8 % less than that of the ceramic friction pair. Conclusions. Mathematical and simulation models allow us to determine the loading parameters of the mobility units of hip endoprostheses. As a result of the study, the safety margin of the friction pair made of carbositall-ceramic was 4.5, which indicates high reliability of the design. Determination of volumetric wear allows us to determine the ability of new friction pairs to reduce the risk of postoperative complications. Volumetric wear of the friction pair made of carbositall-ceramic is 31.8 % less than that of the ceramic friction pair. The data obtained as a result of the study will optimize the treatment and diagnostic process of human hip arthroplasty by providing data on the strength and wear resistance of endoprostheses at the preoperative stage.
114-124
SIMULATING MACHINING OF CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION PULLEYS IN COMPLEX BLADE TOOL TRAJECTORY IN ANSYS SOFTWARE PACKAGE
Abstract
Background. At the stage of developing the technological process of turning a part, it is important to identify the processes that occur as a result of the impact of the tool on the workpiece. The stresses, pressures, forces and temperature deformations resulting from the action of the cutter mainly determine the properties of the part obtained as a result of processing. The most important step at the stage of technological development of a part is the modeling of the cutting process. Computer modeling allows you to fully simulate the turning process, take into account the parameters of the workpiece rotation, cutting modes, gravity and inertia of the workpiece during rotation, forced vibrations and self-oscillations, as well as the chip formation process. The purpose of the study is to develop a computer model for complex spatial movement of a cutting tool, which makes it possible to study the stress-strain and thermal state of the cutting process, chip formation conditions, predict the quality parameters of the surface layer, and also take into account the characteristics of the workpiece and the cutting tool, with the subsequent possibility of parameterizing the process. Materials and methods. The theoretical and experimental studies carried out in the work are based on the basic principles of cutting theory, materials science, and material resistance. The virtual simulation was carried out in the Ansys Workbench software package. Results. A computer model of the complex movement of a cutting tool and the destruction of a rotating workpiece with chip formation has been developed. Conclusions. The obtained results of the computer model of the turning and chip forming process are adequate to field studies of processing.
125-137
ALGORITHM FOR ASSESSING TIME AND COST RISKS AT ENTERPRISES OF THE MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
Abstract
Background. The article considers the development of models and a method for assessing the time and cost risks of manufacturing products at defense industry enterprises. The objective is to create models and an algorithm for predictive risk analysis when drawing up a calendar schedule for the implementation of project tasks to support decisionmaking by managers of defense industry enterprises. Materials and methods. In the course of the research, models were developed for calculating and analyzing the risks of delays in delivery and changes in the cost of the electronic component base of products. Results. An important result is an algorithm for probabilistic assessment of the risks of deviations in the delivery of electronic components from the planned dates during product manufacturing. The risk analysis algorithm solves the problems of assessing the time and cost parameters of the project task for compliance with the predicted values at an early stage of the production cycle. The analysis results are used in the decision-making process, which allows compensating for uncertainty factors before the start of design work and increases the efficiency of production project management. Conclusions. Implementation of the model and method for predictive risk assessment based on the analysis of available statistics at the enterprise allows using the obtained results to analyze other parameters of the project task, for example, product reliability parameters and quality indicators. The models and algorithm for risk analysis are intended for the management personnel of the enterprise and are currently used in drawing up a calendar schedule of cooperation processes during the implementation of production tasks for the release of products of the defense industry complex.
138-148