Republic of Belarus’ information sovereignty in the system of multilevel integration: hierarchy of priorities and implementation mechanisms

Global digitalisation and information warfare have brought to the fore the task of studying issues related to ensuring information sovereignty for medium-sized states involved in various integration formats. Foreign researchers (DeNardis, Pohle, Santaniello, Lehuedé) analyse a variety of approaches to digital sovereignty, highlighting the contradictions between state control and the openness of digital space. However, this issue remains insufficiently studied in relation to multi-level integration systems. Model. The study is based on systematic analysis, a comparative method for evaluating integration formats, a structural-functional approach, and case studies. The analytical framework uses the author’s concept of an “integration matryoshka”, which adapts the theory of concentric circles of integration to the geopolitical realities of Belarus. Conclusions. The analysis showed that Belarus implements information sovereignty through a hierarchical system of international cooperation: from deep integration in the Union State to the universal format of the UN. Each level has specific capabilities and limitations. The Union State demonstrates the greatest potential for protecting information sovereignty due to ideological proximity and a high level of political trust. Research framework. The results are applicable to the analysis of the strategies of small and medium-sized states in a multipolar environment. Prospects include studying the mechanisms of coordination between levels of integration and adapting the model to changing geopolitical conditions. Practical significance. The developed model can be used by state bodies in forming a strategy for international cooperation in the field of information security and digital development. Social implications. The implementation of the proposed strategy contributes to the protection of the information space, the preservation of cultural identity, and the sustainable technological development of society. Originality. For the first time, the concept of an «integration matryoshka» is proposed as a model for systematising various formats of Belarus’ international cooperation in the field of information sovereignty. The article is intended for researchers of international relations, information security specialists, and foreign policy decision-makers.