Vol 14, No 6 (2024)

Based on the nature of political science, which focuses on the study of power as the foundation of all social relations, the author reveals their understanding of the methodological principles for analyzing changes in the civilizational and political space of Russia in the 21st century.

The aim of the research is to identify the specifics of the methodological principles that will help uncover the further path of transformation in Russia’s civilizational and political space.

Research Methods. Achieving this goal requires the application of several specialized methods: political, conflictology, cultural-formational, and civilizational. Due to their significance, they are classified as research approaches that combine with value-comparative and systemic methods.

The results of the research indicate that a deeper understanding of the ongoing transformation of Russia’s civilizational and political space can be achieved through the comprehensive use of four methodological principles of scientific analysis. These principles are the principles of socio-political facts, socio-political definitions, socio-political behavior, and socio-historical determinism. Their application allows for the assertion that Russia’s transformation in the 21st century can only proceed along a path that corresponds to the liberal political system imposed on us in the late 20th century. This path aligns with the North Atlantic civilization and has the potential to turn Russia into a major center of intercivilizational conflicts, leading it into complete decline. The way out of the current situation is seen only in restructuring the country’s political system in accordance with traditional values.

Studying the life orientations of students is important for understanding the processes taking place in the minds of the younger generation, which is being formed under the influence of various factors and subjects.

The purpose of the study is to determine the characteristics and dynamics of the student youth’s life orientations based on their value and target priorities.

The results of the study of student life orientations and their dynamics demonstrated a shift in value priorities towards the values of individualization, as well as strengthening the position of adaptation values. The values of socialization related to social interaction and integration in society have receded into the background. On the one hand, bringing the values of individualization to the fore means stabilizing the socio-economic situation in the country, when young people can shift their focus from values that ensure survival to the values of self-improvement and self-actualization. On the other hand, the priority of individualization values marks the cultural and value transformation of Russian society, the risk of an intergenerational value gap. The analysis of the dynamics of gender differences in value orientations indicates the transformation of gender roles, the shift of the traditional focus for men from adaptation to individualization, as well as the increasing role of women in maintaining adaptation mechanisms.

The subject of this article is the institutional approach in the study of political risks and its justification in the context of the development of state institutions. It is noted that the moment of society’s susceptibility to risks is generated within society, thus being a direct result of social practice. The factors that determine the range of possibilities of political power to carry out regulatory activities are highlighted. The author substantiates the relationship between society and public administration institutions. The integration of the managerial functions of the main state institutions is associated with ensuring the effectiveness of management in conditions when political risk factors are the responsibility of various departments, or we are talking about systemic risks associated with the mismatch of various subsystems of society. At the level of existing socio-political institutions, the integration of authorities to counter significant risk factors is implemented within the framework of the creation of special functional institutions – coordination centers, including representatives of authorities, whose combined efforts are necessary to resolve the acute problem that has arisen. It is concluded that it is necessary to create favorable conditions for the organization of “horizontal” interaction between various authorities and outside the structure of coordination centers, which cannot be organized for each specific problem.

The article deals with the issues of effectiveness of solving the problems of forming value orientations in the young generation of Russians in the system of social project activities. The analysis is based on the study of the process of transformation of the worldview of young participants of patriotic contests in the direction of approval and acceptance as a guide to action of the basic value orientations formulated in the current Federal State Educational Standards, relevant regulatory and legal documents, federal target programs and national projects. The empirical research was conducted by the survey method and verified by content analysis of feedback from the project participants. The purpose of the study is to identify and establish a connection between the dynamics of changes in the value attitudes of young participants and their participation in projects of patriotic orientation within the framework of federal target programs, as well as to identify the role of civil society institutions in the implementation of these programs. Conclusions. As a result of the study, the authors conclude that the social project activities underlying the program-targeted approach to solving the tasks formulated in the national project “Youth and Children” have positive dynamics. The authors conclude that the three-link system (project-program-target) allows to include civil society institutions in the process of education of the young generation and get the desired result in the formation of value orientations formulated in the current Federal State Educational Standards.

The aim of the article is to identify similarities and differences in the articulation of program provisions and implementation of project practices of the largest political parties of the Union State of Belarus and Russia, “White Russia” and “United Russia”. The significance of the roles of the parties under study in the context of shaping the directions of development of public administration and civil society is revealed. The convergence of the contours of the formal organization of the party systems of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus is emphasized, provided that the specific mechanisms of political participation of citizens, peculiar to the political systems of the states, are preserved. The conclusions are drawn about the similarity of essential parallels in the attitudes postulated by both parties regarding the commitment to the path of sovereign and independent development of states with the preservation of the identity of traditional values and foundations of culture, openness to constructive cooperation with respect to friendly states, strengthening of information and technological sovereignty. The analysis of the project practices of the parties allowed us to draw conclusions about the presence of substantive similarities and differences in a number of projects aimed at communication between the state and society in order to strengthen the prerequisites for the formation of civil patriotic identity. Special attention is paid to the status of the analyzed parties in the general structure of the party systems of Russia and Belarus.

The article raises the problem of protecting spacecraft and space infrastructure objects from threats of cybernetic influence. The analysis of the sources of cybernetic threats to space activities, their impact on the critical infrastructure and military security of states is carried out, international legal aspects of the protection of space information systems from cybernetic influence are considered. It is concluded that the cyber impact on space objects can seriously undermine the economic and military security of States, violate their sovereignty, and lead to military conflicts. To counter the growing cyber threat of space activities, joint efforts of States around the world and the adoption of an international convention on cybercrime and cybersecurity are necessary. This requires the intensification of Russia’s diplomatic activities to ensure the security of its space infrastructure and information sovereignty.

The article discusses the problems of energy security in Europe and ways to overcome them, as well as various measures to overcome the energy crisis. The article cites the pros and cons of these measures and analyzes the role of policies in this area and their impact on the EU’s energy security. The purpose of the article is to study the impact of the transition to a green economy on energy security. As a result of the study, a forecast of changes in energy security for the medium term is presented, taking into account investments and the development of renewable energy sources.

Research objective. This article is devoted to the digitalization of education in the BRICS countries. It is highlighted that digitalization at the present stage of the development of our society has affected various spheres of public life, and the spheres of education and culture are no exceptions. This trend reflects the relevance of this work. The purpose of this work is to consider the relationship between the digitalization of education and changes in the parameters of the dialogue of cultures in the digital era as both digitalization and education are closely intertwined with the concept of dialogue of cultures in the modern world.

Methodology. The basis of this work is represented by the methods of analysis of scientific literature, analysis of the documents of the BRICS countries on the digitalization of education, and synthesis is used to bring together fragmented information from various sources.

Findings. Within the framework of this article, various stable trends associated with the process of transformation of education in the digital era are presented. Moreover, the strategies of the BRICS countries in the field of digitalization of education are analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of this process are noted from the perspective of intensifying the dialogue of cultures.

Public diplomacy is a set of measures aimed at forming a favorable foreign policy image of the country and promoting its interests in the international arena. Unlike traditional closed diplomacy, public diplomacy implies direct interaction of the state with the foreign public, the use of various communication channels and mechanisms of influence. It should be noted that public diplomacy plays an important role in modern foreign policy, ensuring the active participation of countries in the global information exchange, as well as ensuring the formation of favorable conditions for the implementation of national interests of states. The South Caucasus, which includes Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia, is an important geopolitical region located at the “crossroads” of the interests of many world powers. For the Russian Federation, this region is of particular importance due to historical, cultural, economic and strategic factors. Thus, against the backdrop of the growing influence of NATO and EU countries in Transcaucasia, as well as the aggravation of regional conflicts, Russia’s public diplomacy in the South Caucasus is becoming more important than ever. In this regard, studying the role and instruments of public diplomacy of the Russian Federation in the South Caucasus is of considerable interest and practical significance for understanding Russia’s foreign policy and the specifics of its interaction with this region.

This article examines the challenges Myanmar faces in creating a cohesive national identity and fostering unity. It argues that inadequate nation-building stems from semantic, epistemological, and ontological ambiguities in reconciling Myanmar’s identity with Western definitions of “nation,” “state,” and “union.” These identity and cognitive dissonances hinder the development of effective nation-building policies. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach and content analysis, this study evaluates the Myanmar constitutions of 1947, 1974, and 2008, policies and discourses in relation to both Western theories and indigenous perspectives. The novelty of the research lies in its exploration of conceptual differences across civilizations through constitutional and policy texts. By integrating primary and secondary sources, the study contributes uniquely to identity studies, emphasizing how conceptual challenges affect national identity formation. It underscores the significance of linguistic and semantic considerations in this process. Ultimately, lacking a sense of collective national identity, Myanmar finds itself navigating a complex relationship with the idea that multi-national races have coexisted on this land, sharing the same water for over a millennium. This coexistence is often framed in terms of preserving the culture and identity of all national races, yet there is no effective nation-building policy centered on the principles of “collectiveness” and “oneness.”

Regional conflicts represent one of the most acute problems of the modern world. Their occurrence is most often associated with ethnic, economic and political factors. The need to resolve such conflicts is conditioned not only by the desire to achieve peace, but also by maintaining stability in society, preventing humanitarian disasters and ensuring sustainable development of the regions. The article is devoted to the characterization of the nature of regional conflicts, the identification of factors contributing to their occurrence, as well as measures for their prevention and non-proliferation. Effective resolution of regional conflicts requires an integrated approach, including both diplomatic and practical measures. An important stage is the dialogue between the parties to the conflict, which helps to identify the main causes of the confrontation and find possible ways to eliminate them. The participation of third parties, such as international organizations, can help create a neutral platform for discussion. Conflict resolution methods can range from the use of peacekeeping forces to the development of rehabilitation and reintegration programs for affected territories. It is also worth noting the importance of education and public awareness, which help reduce tensions and create a culture of peace. Investments in social projects and economic development also play a key role in preventing the emergence of new conflicts.

The author analyzes the issue of approaches to research in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). It is difficult not to assess the growing influence of AI on public life today. We can say that in fact, all spheres of human activity, including international relations. The author notes that at the same time there is a tendency in scientific and legal circles to assess and define AI. In this regard, the author sets the goal of analyzing the main approaches to the definition of “artificial intelligence” in international studies and law. The author comes to the conclusion that the historical retrospective of the study of approaches to the definition of AI since the emergence of the first studies in this area demonstrated several periods in the development of this technology. In each of the periods, the definition of the phenomenon varied, based on the prevailing developments in the field under study at that time. The author also notes that the issue of defining and legally regulating AI is on the agenda of international organizations and is catalyzed in scientific discourse. However, the definitions of international organizations vary and do not lead to order in the interpretation of AI.

The article analyzes the methods of conducting sociological surveys of consumers used as evidence in disputes over the protection of trademark rights. The subject of the study is a comparative analysis of the approaches of courts to determining the evidentiary value of a sociological survey in the European Union, France and Russia. The conclusion is made about the generally similar methodology used in conducting surveys in the jurisdictions under consideration. When assessing the reliability of mutually exclusive survey results, it is proposed to give priority to the survey that was carried out using appropriate methods and forms of its conduct, taking into account the category of goods and services and a representative sample of respondents.

The article discusses the problems of the formation and development of social entrepreneurship. The main criteria and signs of social entrepreneurship are analyzed.

The purpose of the study is to identify the potential of social entrepreneurship in improving the quality of life in the region (using the example of the Republic of Mordovia). The research is based on theoretical approaches that consider social entrepreneurship through the concepts of social capital, social and moral responsibility, and quality of life. The directions and criteria of social entrepreneurship are considered on the basis of the regulatory framework, and data from an expert survey are presented.

Conclusions. As a result of the conducted research, the authors conclude that social entrepreneurship is currently becoming an active subject of social policy implemented at the regional level. The authors propose to consider social entrepreneurship as a hybrid phenomenon that combines economic strategies and social activity. In the Republic of Mordovia, social entrepreneurship acts as a tool for solving local socio-economic problems. The region has seen an increase in initiatives aimed at supporting vulnerable segments of the population, creating jobs and developing local communities. Social entrepreneurs become catalysts for change, forming a new consciousness in which everyone has the opportunity to contribute to the common good. Empirical evidence shows that social entrepreneurship contributes to the development of social capital through strengthening social ties, building trust, maintaining reputation and introducing social innovations.

The article explores the historical development of artificial intelligence (AI) from the first technical developments to modern neural networks, analyzing its reflection in culture and cinema. The evolution of public perception is also considered through the prism of works of art, starting with mythological plots and ending with modern films. Based on the analysis of 58 popular films, four basic ideas about AI in the minds of residents of megacities have been identified: anthropomorphic robots (36.2%), intelligent systems (29.3%), technologically advanced humans (24.1%) and animated images (10.3%). Special attention is paid to the role of cinema in shaping public opinion about intelligent technologies and their impact on the development of a digital society. The study demonstrates the relationship between cultural perception of AI and real technological progress.

The purpose of the research. The article is dedicated to the formation of life strategies in capitals and provinces. Life goals are considered in relation to life meaning settings reflected in ideas about life success, factors of settings achievement, life values. There is considered life planning horizon, saturation and focusing of life plans of youth in capitals and provinces. Analyzed connection between youth’s ideas about the possibilities of achieving life goals and social feelings, influence of negative self-forecasting on the formation of pessimistic psychoemotional background and critical assessments of the situation in the country, negative attitude towards the authorities.

Results. The article shows that youth in capitals, compared to youth in provinces, is more critical of the external context of their life; it often looks at the circumstances of its own life through the prism of opportunities for development. It is more often focused on self-positioning in the "large society" and influencing it, and demonstrates an active subjective approach in achieving its goals. It is more often confident that it can achieve success, and doubts about it worsen the emotional background, increase criticality in relation to what is happening in the country and to the authorities. Youth in provinces perceives the general context and circumstances of its own life more positively, and is more often focused on goals related to the "small society". It is more dependent on external circumstances, more often ready for failure in life, but this does not cause it to feel negative about its own life or the external world. A conclusion is made about the possibilities of using the analysis of life strategies in studying the specifics of the formation of social and socio-political sentiments of representatives of different groups of youth. The empirical basis of the article is all-Russian surveys of FCTAS RAS.

The 19th century became a period in history when, for the first time, according to the materials of the linguistic academic resource “National Corpus of the Russian Language”, hundreds of texts with the lexemes “sectarians”, “sectarianism”, “sectarian” and their derivatives appear in the history of Russian literature. In such social conditions, attempts to “invisible faith” begin in a number of confessional communities that do not want to become objects of discrimination and stigmatization by the authorities and researchers who study and describe the markers of such “apostates” (“schismatics”, etc.). Along with the “accusatory” direction of research by a number of authors who worked in line with the so-called the “protective” trend in politics of the second third of this century, a search for agreement between the court, legal, journalistic, ecclesiastical and scientific elites is underway in order to form an academic tradition of an objective description of confessional, ethnic, ethno-confessional and religious communities in the country, while new religious names with special denotations and connotations were constructed, for example, “one faith”, “the pious Greek Orthodox Church”, etc., The article sets out the position of social philosophy with a focus on the approaches of modern philosophical religious studies.

The relevance of addressing the problems of forming social unity is determined by the growing role of national identity and national cohesion at the present stage of Russia’s development. Despite the fact that both legal and organizational foundations for forming national unity have been created in Russia, today there are a large number of challenges and contradictions that, one way or another, affect the level of national cohesion. The need for further improvement of state policy in forming social unity requires new approaches to counter existing threats.

The purpose of the study was to analyze the essence of social unity, contradictions and challenges of Russia’s national policy as a factor in the formation of its social unity in modern conditions using a socio-philosophical methodology. It has been established that national policy as a factor of social unity, when faced with various challenges, requires proper and competent implementation, awareness of its place and role in all spheres of society.

The proposed article introduces the reader to the socio-philosophical analysis of the essence and content of legal consciousness. It is one of the important elements of the modern legal system of the Russian Federation. This article can be used as scientific material, as a recommendation to the doctoral candidates, postgraduate students, attendees and students studying in various fields (specialties) and studying disciplines containing problems of the history and philosophy of science and theory of state and law, as well as lectures and specialists working in the field of philosophy and jurisprudence.