Том 73, № 2 (2023)

Municipalities are the most numerous class of objects of public authority, its grassroots level (local self-government). The spatial organization of this multitude of objects in all countries from time to time under the influence of new political and economic circumstances undergoes restructuring, which results in changes in the number and scale, economic and social potentials of municipalities. When implementing such transformations, economic and political considerations can have contradictory effects, requiring at the same time both enlargement and reduction of the spatial parameters of municipalities. In this regard, there is a theoretical and practical problem of rational – balanced, taking into account economic and political factors – justification (choice) of their sizes. The study is based on the diverse and long-term international experience of reforming the spatial organization of municipalities. In the context of this experience, special attention is paid to the contradictory policy of post-Soviet Russian municipal reforms and counter-reforms.

Macromodels of two federal districts of Russia, constructed by authors, are considered in the article.

These macromodels correspond to the new classification of kinds of economic activities. Results of forecasting development of economy of these regions with using macromodels for the period until 2028 year by two scenarios are presented.

The size of the training sample is an important factor in solving optical character recognition tasks. Notably, the majority of the research focuses on increasing the variety of distributions that are applied to the images. Yet the internal structure of the textual information also affects the accuracy of the resulting model. We propose a neural network based text generation method for the creation of a synthetic training dataset of images with annotations, in which we propose to operate with groups of characters – alphabetic clusters, and use the sequence of clusters to predict the following character. The proposed cluster approach allows us to create specific sequences that retain the main properties of the target language, but do not contain a full language model. Since the proposed method works on a small number of clusters, we can use a small training set and a light neural network to generate text. The results of experiments with three open datasets of identity document images demonstrate the effectiveness of our method and the possibility of improving modern results for target fields.

The problem of analysis of complex multiple component systems arises in various areas of science and engineering. Modeling and simulation is often the only available approach to it. Such systems can be described in terms of their structure, behavior and interaction of its components (agents). In this work, a programming system for Turing complete “model-oriented” paradigm is proposed, which is based on the concept of “modelcomponent” – a complex structure with fixed characteristics and behavior and without external methods. The set of model-components is closed under the union operation into a containing structure called “model-complex”. The proposed programming system allows to develop models using declarative approach, requires limited application of other paradigms for agent behavior programming and naturally allows parallel computations.

In the article, a stochastic model of filtering estimates of information warfare is proposed in the development of models of information warfare in a structured society. The model of information confrontation in a one-group society with a one-stage transition of individuals to adherents is considered for the simplicity of presenting the formed solutions of filtering assessments. If there are several heterogeneous rules for measuring the parameters of the information warfare model, the formed solution is applicable. Algorithmic solutions are based on the model of an ensemble extended Kalman filter. The main stages of the algorithmic implementation of the compiled stochastic model of filtering estimates of information warfare have been clarified. When conducting a series of computational experiments for specific text tasks, the operability and preference of the results obtained were verified.

There is a relationship between human health and the environment. The paper presents the results of a systems analysis of the relationship between individual nutrition, ecology and economics. The possibility of creating and introducing into everyday practice healthy, balanced, full-fledged, preventive and meeting modern environmental requirements diets based on the choice of typical Russian food products is substantiated. The widespread distribution of such diets with the help of network technologies can contribute to solving the problems of sustainable development of nature and society.

The work is devoted to an overview of current trends in the development of online banking customer service using remote service technologies. The complication of banking digital platforms has led to the formation of information ecosystems that can satisfy a variety of customer needs. Using the SBER ecosystem as an example, it is shown that today banks not only manage customer accounts, but also integrate with marketplaces to provide various non-financial services. The process of accumulation of colossal arrays of personal and confidential information, financial assets attracts the interest of fraudsters working on the Internet. The statistics of cyber theft and unauthorized access to digital services proves that cyber fraud is constantly expanding and is looking for new tools to hack systems. Therefore, the purpose of the work was to substantiate a new approach to building protection based on the detection of cyber-attacks – deception. The goal set led to the solution of the following tasks: the general trends in the complication of banking digital platforms to entire ecosystems were considered, the statistics of cyber fraud on the Internet and the features of targeted cyber-attacks were studied, a new approach to building a system for protecting digital banking services was proposed.