Algorithm for forming traction and braking torque settings at the shaft of a traction motor by means of a single pedal

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Transport service providers and consumers specify requirements to vehicles for increasing energy efficiency, cost reduction, as well as improving ergonomics and comfort. Fuel costs are among the significant costs, so it is very promising to use vehicles with electric drives, such as battery-powered electric vehicles. It is very important for them to have energy-efficient control of traction drives that are the main sources of energy loss, characterized by high efficiency that helps to increase single-charge mileage. To achieve this, it is necessary to form the settings of the requested engine torque using the accelerator pedal only, taking into account traffic conditions, vehicle characteristics over the entire velocity range.

AIMS: Development of the fundamentals and the law of determining the settings of the traction and regenerative torque of a traction electric drive, the run-out mode depending on motion velocity and the accelerator pedal position, taking into account the required level of comfort and ergonomics of control.

METHODS: The law of determining the setting of the traction and regenerative torque of the traction electric drive, the run-out mode were modeled in the MATLAB/Simulink software package.

RESULTS: The fundamentals of building the law of determining of the setting of the traction and regenerative torque of the traction electric drive, the run-out mode for effective control, increasing ergonomics and comfort of a vehicle, as well as the results of virtual simulation of the formation of settings in the MATLAB/Simulink in conditions close to the operational are given in the paper.

CONCLUSIONS: The practical value of the study lies in the possibility of using the proposed law for determining the setting of the traction and regenerative torque of the traction electric drive, the run-out mode for the development of a traction drive control system for transport vehicles.

About the authors

Alexander V. Klimov

KAMAZ Innovation Center LLC, Skolkovo Innovation Center; Moscow Polytechnic University

Author for correspondence.
Email: klimmanen@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5351-3622
SPIN-code: 7637-3104
Scopus Author ID: 57218166154

Cand. Sci. (Tech.), Associate Professor of the Advanced Engineering School of Electric Transport, Head of the Electric Vehicles Department

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

References

  1. Characteristics of the KAMAZ 6282 electric bus. Naberezhnye Chelny: Kamaz. Accessed: 15.10.2022. Available from: https://kamaz.ru/upload/bus/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%81%20KAMAZ-6282.pdf
  2. Zhileykin MM, Klimov AV, Maslennikov IK. Control signal algorithm of the accelerator pedal providing an effective energy consumption by an electrobus traction gear. Izvestiya MGTU MAMI. 2022;16(1):51-60. doi: 10.17816/2074-0530-100232
  3. Biryukov VV, Porsev EG. Traction electric drive: textbook. allowance. 2nd ed. NovoSibirsk: Izd-vo NGTU; 2018.
  4. Kulas RA, Rieland H, Pechauer J. A System Safety Perspective into Chevy Bolt’s One Pedal Driving. SAE Technical Paper. 2019;01(0133). doi: 10.4271/2019-01-0133
  5. Wang J, Besselink IJM, van Boekel JJP, et al. Evaluating the energy efficiency of a one pedal driving algorithm. 1–10. In: 2015 European Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Congress (EEVC 2015), Brussels, Belgium. Brussels; 2015.
  6. Zhileikin MM, Kotiev GO. Modeling of vehicle systems: textbook. Moscow: MGTU im NE Baumana; 2020.

Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Main layout and main view of an electric bus: a) main view of an electric bus; b) main layout of electric equipment: 1 — a traction battery; 2 — an invertor; 3 — a traction electric motor; 4 — drivetrain.

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3. Fig. 2. Probability of distribution of accelerations (a) and decelerations (b) of an electric bus during its service.

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4. Fig. 3. Mutual disposition of areas of traction, regenerative (braking) and inertial (run-out) motion modes depending on the accelerator pedal position.

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5. Fig. 4. Dependences of the and on motion velocity V for the KAMAZ-6282 electric bus.

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6. Fig. 5. Graph of setting adjustment at the shaft of a traction electric motor: — maximum value of the regenerative torque; — maximum value of traction torque; — position of the accelerator pedal where the demand for maximal traction torque becomes available.

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7. Fig. 6. Dependence of the on the motion velocity of the KAMAZ-6282 electric bus.

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8. Fig. 7. Dependence of on for the KAMAZ-6282 electric bus.

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9. Fig. 8. Dependences of (1) and (2) on the motion velocity for the KAMAZ-6282 electric bus.

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10. Fig. 9. Dependence of on for the KAMAZ-6282 electric bus.

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11. Fig. 10. Dependence of on for the KAMAZ-6282 electric bus.

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12. Fig. 11. The assembled dependence of torque setting  on accelerator pedal position at V = 35 km/h.

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13. Fig. 12. The cyclogram of varying the accelerator pedal position.

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14. Fig. 13. The transmitted signal of the accelerator pedal.

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15. Fig. 14. The resulted torque at the driven wheels of the electric bus.

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16. Fig. 15. The regenerative torque setting at the single-pedal control.

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17. Fig. 16. The graph of motion velocity of the electric bus.

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