No 2 (2025)

Background. The importance of socio-cultural projects lies in their focus on meeting and developing the cultural needs and interests of both individuals and society as a whole. Socio-cultural projects serve as a key tool for achieving social and cultural goals within society. They enable the resolution of numerous issues and tasks across various spheres of life, channeling efforts toward raising cultural standards, preserving traditions, and providing social support to different population groups, including today’s youth. The purpose of the article is to examine the role and analyze the effectiveness of socio-cultural projects in fostering patriotism among modern youth. Materials and Methods. The study of socio-cultural projects in shaping patriotism among contemporary youth is based on origi-nal research conducted among student youth at Penza State University, as well as an analy-sis of sociological survey data provided by VCIOM (Russian Public Opinion Research Center). Results. The role of socio-cultural projects in shaping patriotism among modern youth has been revealed; the process of cultivating civic culture in young people has been substantiated; and a set of socio-cultural technologies for fostering patriotism in the younger generation has been presented. Conclusions. Socio-cultural projects, particularly those oriented toward traditions and modern media formats, effectively contribute to patriotic education. To enhance their impact, targeted programs that consider regional specifics and the digital preferences of youth are necessary. The results underscore the importance of integrating cultural, educational, and media tools into strategies for shaping national identity.

Background. Currently, the digitalization process encourages the working population to master digital technologies for successful employment. Young people as an active participant in the labor market monitor the current trends in the labor sphere. Young people already at the stage of their professional training form the skills and abilities they will need in the future for employment. The purpose of this study is to analyze student youth on the importance of digital competencies formed at the university for future professional activity. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, the results of focus group discussions among student youth in 2024–2025 were analyzed. In addition, data from official statistics (Rosstat) and all-Russian surveys presented by VCIOM, NAFR were used. Results. Based on the results of focus group discussions, the role of digital skills in the everyday life of young people was revealed, as well as their importance in the future in employment and professional activity. Conclusions. The conducted research revealed that young people rate their digital skills quite highly. Young people are confident that the digital skills they have acquired will help them in their future work, regardless of whether they are employed in their specialty or not. In addition, respondents note that changes in the professional environment, including in ICT, are happening very quickly, which will require additional training from them in the future.

Background. The relevance of the research lies in the need to improve the legal regulation of the institute of public hearings, taking into account the current trend of introducing information technologies into the activities of public authorities, as well as regional peculiarities of public hearings. The main purpose of the work is to analyze the distinctive features of public hearings as an advisory form of democracy, identify legal and organizational problems of their implementation in practice, identify areas of development and possible ways to reform the institution of public hearings. Materials and methods. The achievement of research objectives is carried out through the use of both general scientific methods and private scientific methods: formal legal and comparative legal. Results. The authors have identified the characteristic features of public hearings as an institution of consultative democracy. The conducted research made it possible to formulate proposals for improving Russian legislation concerning the form and mechanism of hearings in municipalities. Conclusions. Successful holding of public hearings implies taking into account economic, geographical, social, cultural, educational and political factors that have a significant impact on the life of the municipality. The wide potential for improving public hearings requires a comprehensive approach from the legislator, which can make this institution one of the most convenient, effective, effective forms of interaction between local governments and the population to resolve issues of local importance and become a tool for reducing social tension.

Background. The issues of constructing and maintaining a federal state remain relevant over time, and in conditions of international turbulence, they only become more significant. This is especially true when it comes to post-imperial, multi-ethnic federalism, the level of governance of which must be significantly higher than that of ordinary bourgeois federalism. The author aims to demonstrate the peculiarities of federal construction on distant borders in the context of the intersection of competing national ambitions, which the young Soviet government attempted to pacify by implementing an optimal national-territorial demarcation. Materials and methods. The article was prepared on the basis of monographs and articles on the development of Central Asia from the second half of the 19th century to the mid-1920s inclusive. Statistical material and comparative political science method were used. Results. The Central Asian region was the latest to be included into the Russian Empire. Its territorial and administrative basis was the Turkestan region and two protectorates – the Bukhara Emirate and the Khiva Khanate. The local Russian administration did not force the resettlement of peasants from Central Russia; it occurred naturally due to famine and land shortages in the inhabited territories of the empire. The fall of the autocracy and the Provisional Government contributed to nationalist unrest, which was partially neutralized with the liquidation of the Kokand autonomy in February 1918, but the Soviet government achieved a key victory only with the lifting of the blockade in January 1919. At the same time, the Basmachi movement was a serious destabilizing factor. In 1920, the Muslim authoritarian monarchies in Khiva and Bukhara were successfully over-thrown, transforming them into people's republics and then socialist republics within the RSFSR. The formation of the Basmachi in 1922 prompted a shift to streamlining the national-territorial structure in 1924–1925 along the lines outlined by V.I. Lenin as early as July 1920. At the same time, they had to overcome the local national communists. One of the most active among them was T. Ryskulov, who dreamed of creating a purely Turkic communist party and army in Turkestan. Conclusions. The national-territorial demarcation carried out in 1924–1925 primarily envisaged the abolition of the Turkestan ASSR, Bukha-ra and Khiva as pseudo-state entities and the organization of two new union republics – the Turkmen SSR and the Uzbek SSR – with the purpose of overcoming the danger of pan-Turkism and pan-Sylvanism. The Bolsheviks were in no hurry to raise the status of other republics to the level of union republics (the Tajik ASSR, the Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Region), which was completely fair given the existing socio-economic and cultural back-wardness and nationalistic prejudices.

Background. Information transformation in the conditions of modern realities is one of the means of progressive development of society and the state as a whole. Considering that most of the realization of the rights of citizens, including persons with disabilities, is associated with the allocation, use and development of budgetary funds carried out through procurement procedures by authorized bodies, the development of the information component and its active implementation and use in the supervisory activities of the prosecutor's office is one of the prerequisites for the prompt identification of violations and violations the rights of socially vulnerable segments of the population and the adoption of acts of prosecutorial response. The purpose of the work is to identify and disclosure the advantages of using information digitalization in the activities of the prosecutor's office, to determine the tactics and methodology of the prosecutor's work with information systems when overseeing the observance of the rights of persons with disabilities. Materials and methods. The realization of research tasks was achieved by analyzing the advantages of existing information systems and mechanisms for working with them when the prosecutor carries out his activities. The work used general scientific, special and private scientific methods of obtaining scientific knowledge: logical, functional, sociological, statistical, formal legal, as well as other methods and techniques that contributed to achieving the goals and solving the tasks of the study. Results. The author has studied the stages of development of information transformation and its gradual introduction into the work of the prosecutor's office, investigated the main internal and external information systems and analyzed the advantages of using such systems in the supervisory activities of the prosecutor, provides the main mechanism for working with these systems in the supervision of the rights of persons with disabilities. Conclusions. The use of modern external and internal information systems is one of the directions for improving the prosecutor's supervision over the observance of the rights of persons with disabilities. This line of activity will make it possible to monitor the state of legality in this area as quickly as possible, to identify online facts of violations of the rights of persons with disabilities committed by authorized bodies, or to prevent possible violations of rights. In this regard, the introduction of these mechanisms is necessary and mandatory when carrying out supervisory activities by the prosecutor.

Background. The quality of the investigation of criminal attacks on occupational safety is largely determined by the quality of actions to identify them. During the detection, not only the event of the crime is established, but also data that can subsequently guide the investigator in choosing the most relevant algorithm for conducting procedural actions. The more reliable data obtained during the identification, the more reliable evidence will be obtained during the investigation. The peculiarity of the detection of criminal encroachments on labor safety is that it is often carried out with the involvement of government agencies and, in some cases, trade unions that exercise control and supervision in the relevant field. Thus, special knowledge in the field of occupational safety is being attracted to activities aimed at identifying these crimes. In this regard, the purpose of the research, which is the basis of the article presented to attention, is to study the features of detecting criminal encroachments on labor safety. Materials and methods. In the course of the research, a dialectical method was used, which made it possible to understand identification and investigation as alternating systems of actions. Logical methods were also used, which made it possible to draw conclusions, avoiding internal contradictions. Special methods of forensic research were used: system-activity and forensic modeling. Results. The conducted research has shown that the effectiveness of the investigation of criminal attacks on occupational safety depends on how well the detection of this crime was carried out. Conclusions. Already in the course of identifying criminal encroachments on occupational safety, it is necessary to pay attention to data that can later, during the investigation, indicate sources of reliable evidence. At the same time, it is important to interact with bodies and organizations whose powers include control and supervision of ensuring working safety conditions.