№ 3 (2024)

Summary. The of the study is to analyze existing experience and determine the prospects for using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the interests of military medicine based on published data.

Materials and research methods. The research materials were scientific articles, conference materials and other internet resources.

Research methods: analytical, logical, descriptive-comparative, analogies.

The results of the study and their analysis. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the potential of these UAVs to provide medical care in dangerous and remote areas is huge, but the implementation of such a system is far from unambiguous due to unresolved problematic issues such as ensuring security, increasing survivability, and compliance with safety requirements when using UAVs. In addition, the legal regulation of ethical issues of drone use cannot be ignored. And the most important thing is the economic justification, that is the matching of the costs of developing the necessary products to the increase in efficiency during their use.

Summary. The purpose of the study is to analyze and summarize the experience of treating those affected by a radiation accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (Chernobyl nuclear power plant) in a specialized hospital.

Materials and research methods. The research materials are documented experience in organizing treatment and treating those injured in the Chernobyl accident with acute radiation injury.

Research methods – analytical method and method of generalization.

The results of the study and their analysis. 129 patients were sent to a specialized hospital in Moscow in the first two days, 84 of which were diagnosed with acute radiation disease (OLB) II-IV Art. severity.

As the main diagnostic criteria for the early diagnosis of patients used: the timing and severity of the primary general and local (leather) reaction, the severity of lymphopenia and neutrophilic leukocytosis and other criteria.

The main directions of early treatment of the affected were:

– prevention and treatment of infectious complications;

– detoxification therapy;

– correction of water-electrolyte metabolism, parenteral nutrition in connection with common burns, oropharyngeal syndrome, intestinal syndrome, etc.;

– pre-transplantation: HLA-typification of patients, the selection of donors, the actual transplantation of bone marrow from the donors of relatives and cells of the embryonic human liver (in the absence of donors) affected with irreversible damage to the bone marrow;

– replacing therapy with blood cells.

Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were made:

– the complex of medical measures was highly effective;

– there were practically no fatal outcomes due only to infection in patients with bone marrow, even severe and extremely severe, form of OLB, not complicated by burns, radial enteritis or acute secondary disease due to bone marrow transplantation;

– none of the patients died from hemorrhagic syndrome, most had no signs of bleeding even with deep and prolonged thrombocytopenia (> 2–4 weeks);

– the successful treatment of those affected in the Chernobyl accident was prepared by many years of experience in the work of the Clinical Division of Radiation Medicine of the Institute of Biophysics of the USSR Ministry of Health – State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency for the treatment of those affected in other radiation accidents.

Summary. The purpose of the study is to analyze alcohol-associated shock injuries in the Arctic zone of the Arkhangelsk region to establish epidemiological features.

Materials and methods of research. Medical documents of 140 patients who received a shock injury and were taken for treatment to the Arkhangelsk Regional Clinical Hospital (level I trauma center) were analyzed. SPSS 22.0 for Windows was used for statistical analysis.

Research results and their analysis. Among persons with shockogenic trauma 36.4% were in a state of moderate alcohol intoxication, among them 94% were men. The distribution of shockogenic injuries in a state of alcoholic intoxication is presented according to the nature of the injury, the age of the injured and the time of injury.

Summary. The aim of the study — to review and analyze the scientific literature and current recommendations on first aid (FA) for drowning; based on the results of the analysis, to develop a draft universal algorithm for providing FA in drowning.

Study materials and methods. The material for the study comprised international and national guidelines on FA in drowning and articles on the topic of FA in drowning published in peer-reviewed scientific journals. The information search was carried out in January 2024 using the Google search engine and bibliographic databases Google Scholar, PubMed, and eLIBRARY.RU.

Results of the study and their analysis. Being one of the most common causes of accidental death, drowning is a serious public health problem. Timely and correct provision of FA by incident witnesses significantly reduces the risk of death and disability for the victims. At the same time, the topic of providing FA for drowning has been little touched upon in the domestic scientific literature. There are no uniform guidelines for the Russian Federation on the provision of FA in drowning. Improvement of the organizational basis in Russia for effective provision of FA for drowning requires the development and approval of a unified formal procedure for providing FA for drowning and the establishment of the practice of mass training of the population in modern principles and methods of providing FA for drowning. Based on the results of the analysis of current international guidelines on FA, the proposed universal algorithm for providing FA for drowning, after discussion and agreement by the scientific community, may act as a basic element for creating the formal procedure for providing FA and developing appropriate educational and awareness-raising materials on FA for drowning.

Summary. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problems, tasks and determine the main directions for further improvement of the training of medical specialists of the All-Russian Disaster Medicine Service (VSMK, Service) at the present stage.

Materials and methods of the study. The materials of the study are regulatory legal acts, documentation and sources on the issues of training of VSMK personnel.

Research methods are an analytical method and a generalization method.

Research results and their analysis.

The tasks and problems of training medical specialists of the All-Russian Disaster Medicine Service at the present stage are presented, the directions for its further improvement are determined taking into account new challenges and threats to the security of our country.

It is noted that the modern conditions for training medical specialists of the Service are characterized by the level of their readiness for medical support of armed conflicts, which is due to the current stage of development of the system of medical support for the wounded, sick and victims.

Various aspects of training medical specialists of the All-Russian Disaster Medicine Service are considered taking into account the experience of their participation in medical evacuation support of the said contingents in the context of the Special Military Operation (SMO), etc.

Summary. The purpose of the study is to comparison of methods for diagnosing the state of the respiratory organ of experimental animals under the influence of physical factors, the intensity and exposure times of which are close to extreme.

Materials and methods of research. The experiments used 45 male rabbits of the “Soviet Chinchilla” breed with a body weight of 2,7-3,4 kg, randomly divided into a control group, a group exposed to the lungs, a group exposed to the hearing organ and a group exposed to thermal effects on different areas of skin. To differentiate structural and functional disorders of the external respiratory system, three methods for diagnosing the state of the respiratory organ of experimental animals (rabbits) were used: acoustic impedance measurement of the respiratory tract, analysis of biophysical parameters of the lungs and pathological examination. A general conclusion about the state of the respiratory organ was given on the basis of a comparative statistical analysis of the characteristics of animals in the experimental and control groups. The relative size of the area of hemorrhages on the pleural surface of the lungs was used as a criterion indicator.

The results of the study and their analysis. It has been shown that methods for diagnosing the state of the respiratory system based on impedance, biophysical indicators and the results of a pathological examination complement each other, providing an objective diagnosis of the state of the respiratory organ of experimental animals under the influence of physical factors, the intensity and exposure times of which are close to extreme, and are comparable in objectivity (sensitivity and diagnostic specificity) with methods used in medical clinical practice (impulse oscillometry).

Summary. Investigation purpose – based on the analysis of the range of medicines approved for medical use in the Russian Federation and their practical application in certain types of medical care, identify groups and a list of medicines for their possible use in providing first aid to victims by certain categories of first aid participants, as well as related problems requiring legislative regulation.

Material and methods of the investigation. Research materials – normative legal acts reflecting the provision of first aid and medical, including emergency and primary health care, emergency and urgent care, namely: 5 federal laws; 4 Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation; 3 administrative documents of the Government of the Russian Federation; 26 administrative documents of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; 1 administrative document of the Department of Health Moscow; 31 instructions for the use of medicines for medical use. Research methods: analytical, logical and information modeling.

Investigation results and their analysis. Groups and a list of medicines that can be used in providing first aid to victims are proposed for consideration and discussion. Problematic issues requiring legislative regulation in the use of medicines at the stage of first aid have been identified.

Groups and a list of medicines for first aid to victims are offered for consultations and discussions with representatives of scientific institutions of the medical community and government agencies that determine health policy in the Russian Federation in order to develop management decisions aimed at achieving a high level of preservation of human life and health in emergency situations.