Changes in the yield and grain quality of winter soft wheat under conditions of steppe zone of Kabardino-Balkaria

The main suppliers of winter wheat seeds to the North Caucasus region of the Russian Federation, including Kabardino-Balkaria, are the "National Grain Center named after P.P. Lukyanenko" and "Agrarian Scientific Center "Donskoy". In this regard, the relevance of studying grain productivity and determining the quality indicators of grain of promising varieties of winter soft wheat, the expediency of their introduction into the agro-industrial complex of the steppe regions of Kabardino-Balkaria is beyond doubt. In the research work carried out by the method of field experience in the Institute of Agriculture of the KBSC of RAS in 2017-2019. as objects, three varieties of winter soft wheat ("Agrarian Scientific Center "Donskoy") and one variety, Bezostaya-1 ("National Grain Center named after P.P. Lukyanenko"), approved for cultivation in the region, were studied. A significant advantage of the grain productivity of the varieties Nakhodka, Etyud and Lilit by 0.13-0.33 t/ha over Bezostoy-1 (standard) of the selection "National Grain Center named after P.P. Lukyanenko". Varieties of winter soft wheat (Etude, Lilit) were identified according to grain quality indicators, having high parameters in terms of protein content (15.3-15.8 %), weight of 1000 grains (45.7-47.5 g) and nature (780-790 g/l) in ripe grain. The studies conducted by years (2017-2019) assessed the dependence of the formation of the yield of grain of winter soft wheat on the conditions of "dry" farming in the steppe zone of the republic. In relatively favorable years in terms of moisture supply (2017, 2018), grain productivity was 4.7 and 4.9 t/ha, respectively, against 4.5 t/ha in 2019. The highest economic efficiency indicators were found in varieties of winter soft wheat Nakhodka, Etyud and Lilit, where the conditionally net income amounted to 27800-29100 rubles/ha with a profitability level of 142.5-156.0 %. Despite the fact that the production costs for the varieties of the "ASC "Donskoy" breeding amounted to 18700-20280 rubles/ha, the level of profitability remains high with a conditionally net income of 27800-29100 rubles/ha.