Vol 24, No 4 (2024)
Geography
Green technologies in the manufacturing industry in Russian regions
Abstract
The green transformation of the country’s economy is a crucial process for the sustainable development of spatial socio-natural systems. This transformation is closely linked to the broader process of digitalizing the economy. However, the introduction of green technologies into Russian industries is uneven, as shown by the analysis of the representation of advanced green manufacturing technologies in different regions. This analysis has revealed a lack of using green technologies and a low number of regions that generate these technologies. Despite this, there are prerequisites for the successful implementation of green technologies in certain regions of Russia, and leading regions for the adoption of the most significant green production technologies have been alternatives to green transformation through the adoption of nature-based technologies are also discussed.
News of Saratov University. Ser. Earth sciences. 2024;24(4):222-229
222-229
Small streams and water reservoirs as indicators of environmental problems in agricultural landscapes (on the example of the Belgorod region)
Abstract
The main object of the article is to show indicator functions of small water bodies (streams, ponds) for 4 rural areas in agricultural landscapes (Belgorod region). In the course of the study the groups of anthropogenic objects with their special impacts are identified and ranked. The correlation between concentrations of chemical forms of biogenic elements (N, P) demonstrates the contribution of typical problems of agricultural landscapes in ecological situation (rural areas) as well as contribution of adjacent urban areas. The results have revealed that some rural areas are particularly susceptible to nitrate or phosphate pollution, possible reasons have been indicated. The approved research methods will be helpful for further improvement of the indicator approach.
News of Saratov University. Ser. Earth sciences. 2024;24(4):230-242
230-242
Influence assessment of physical and geographical conditions for flat terrain on flight visibility
Abstract
Introduction. A flight visibility model is presented that takes into account the nature of the underlying surface, the height of the flat terrain, and the dynamics of the aircraft flight due to changes in altitude and ground speed during aerial work. Materials and Methods. Hourly microring weather maps of the Central Russian Plain of the Moscow air hub were used. The research methodology is based on constructing a flight visibility model, taking into account the factors influencing it, including the terrain and the nature of the underlying surface. Results and their Discussion. Flight visibility significantly depends on the nature of the underlying surface, as well as on the elevation of the terrain relative to the departure point at a distance of up to 150 km. The influence of the elevation of the terrain relative to the departure point is 30% more significant than the influence of the nature of the underlying surface. Conclusions. The use of the constructed flight visibility model, which takes into account the influencing physical and geographical conditions, the nature of the underlying surface, the height of the relief of flat terrain under low clouds, will make it possible to make weather-dependent decisions through the use of an intelligent meteorological system, which leads to the improvement of meteorological support for flights during aviation operations.
News of Saratov University. Ser. Earth sciences. 2024;24(4):269-273
269-273
Research of spatial distribution of electromagnetic fields of industrial frequency in the central part of the city of Saratov
Abstract
The cartographic research of electric and magnetic fields of industrial frequency in the central part of Saratov was performed. Measurements by means of the Gigahertz Solutions ME 3830 B M/E Analyser were executed in the 177 points within the built-up territories and recreational zones. The research showed that tension of electric fields and magnetic induction everywhere do not exceed hygienic standards, but in 15,8% ofmeasurement points excesses of approximate safe level ofmagnetic induction were revealed accordingtothe latestforeign researches. Indicators of tension above 1–3 V/m are noted in isolated cases. Magnetic induction indices vary over a wider range, reaching 100–200 nTl in historical buildings and up to 2000 nTl and more in the anomalies caused by the influence of underground cables and air laying. The minimum values up to 20 nTl are fixed in recreational zones. Strong impact on indicators is exerted by the existence or lack of wires in close proximity to measurement points. Based on the study results an interpolation map in the ArcGIS program using the bilinear interpolation method was created.
News of Saratov University. Ser. Earth sciences. 2024;24(4):243-249
243-249
Application of Mathematical-Cartographic Modeling for comprehensive landslide hazard assessment using the Analytic Hierarchy Process in the territory of the city of Saratov
Abstract
The city of Saratov is subject to landslide processes, which occupy a significant part of its territory. Anthropogenic factors, such as irrational use of land, increasethe activation of landslide oftheterritory. The article considers naturalfactors as an aggregate influencing landslide formation on the territory of Saratov city and evaluates them. Application of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method in combination with GIS technologies allowed to reveal correlation dependencies between natural and anthropogenic factors influencing the occurrence and activation of landslides. Weighting coefficients of risk factors helped to assess the vulnerability of different parts of the city. One of the main research methods wasthe use of statistical algorithms andmethods ofmathematical and cartographicmodelingto create an integralmap oftheterritory’s resistance to landslide processes. The obtained data are important for planning of urban areas and development of landslide prevention measures. The created database can be used for systematic monitoring and accumulation of data on exogenous processes.
News of Saratov University. Ser. Earth sciences. 2024;24(4):259-268
259-268
The influence of circulation factors on the quantity of atmospheric precipitation in the cold season in Western Siberia
Abstract
Introduction. The work is devoted to the analysis of the influence of different states of the circumpolar vortex on local features of the geopotential fields, which, in turn, determine the variability of cold season precipitation for the studied territory of Western Siberia. Data and Methods. A statistical analysis of time series of seasonally average values of the precipitation amount in the cold season was performed, obtained from 33 meteorological stations located within the selected coordinate area. To analyze the distribution of hydrometeorological fields corresponding to different states of the circumpolar vortex, composite spatial distributions corresponding to the ten most typical years for both phases of the POL teleconnection index were constructed. Results and Discussion. A statistically significant relationship was established between the amount of precipitation in the cold season (November–March) on the studied territory and the state of the circumpolar vortex. It was shown that under the conditions of the negative phase of the POL index, the amount of precipitation in the cold season is greater than under the conditions of the positive phase of this index. Conclusions. Based on the results of the work, it was concluded that under conditions of a weak circumpolar vortex and developed meridional processes (negative phase of POL) in the studied area, the amount of atmospheric precipitation in the cold season is greater than under conditions of a strong (positive phase of POL) circumpolar vortex and active latitudinal processes.
News of Saratov University. Ser. Earth sciences. 2024;24(4):250-258
250-258
Geology
Results of magnetostratigraphic study of the Lower Syzran subformation (Paleocene) in the north of the Saratov Right Bank (Gremyachka and Kluchy-2 sections)
Abstract
The results of petromagnetic and paleomagnetic studies of two sections of the Lower Syzran subformation (Paleocene) – Gremyachka and Klyuchi-2, located in the north of the Saratov Right Bank and represented by weakly magnetic silicites, are presented. Paleomagnetic data on sections, despite their low quality and fragmentation, are important for magnetostratigraphy, because they confirm the presence of a reverse polarity magnetozone (analogous to chron C27r and/or C26r) in the Lower Syzran subformation and its lateral stability.
News of Saratov University. Ser. Earth sciences. 2024;24(4):274-285
274-285
On a record of cow shark’ tooth (Neoselachii, Hexanchidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Saratov Volga region
Abstract
The discovery of a tooth of the cow shark Hexanchus microdon (Ag., 1835) from carbonate deposits of the Karsun Formation in the ‘Krasny Oktyabr’ quarry (Volsk, Saratov Volga River Right Bank) is described. Based on the associated foraminifera complex, the stratigraphic position of the find was determined as Lower Maastrichtian, benthic foraminifera LC20 Falsoplanulina multipunctata Zone. It was calculated that the individual size of the described shark species H. microdon was 153–166 cm. This is the first record of the species in the region and in the Upper Cretaceous deposits of Russian Plate, which expands the paleobiogeographic range of the species.
News of Saratov University. Ser. Earth sciences. 2024;24(4):286-293
286-293