Correction of the motor sphere of adolescents with mild mental retardation based on the development of coordination abilities

Importance. The solution to the problem of correcting the motor sphere of children with intellectual disabilities lies in the development of coordination abilities. The purpose of the work is to develop and experimentally substantiate a set of exercises aimed at correcting the development of coordination abilities of adolescents with a mild degree of mental retardation.
Materials and Methods. The study has been conducted among students of the Shuya Correctional Boarding School. The participants have been 13–14 year old teenagers (24 people). A set of 40 exercises has been developed, which is aimed at correcting motor actions caused by a low degree of development of coordination abilities. The exercises are divided into three blocks: for balance development (15 exercises); exercises for developing precision of movements (15 exercises) and for developing the ability to differentiate muscle efforts (10 exercises). They are performed from various initial positions of the body in space: standing, sitting, lying on the stomach and back, standing on one leg, knee, toes and heels, with open and closed eyes. The set of exercises was implemented during the 2023/2024 academic year. The degree of development of coordination abilities has been assessed using the following tests: “shuttle run 3×10”, “jumping rope in 1 minute”, “throwing a ball at a target”, “Romberg test”.
Results and Discussion. It is established that the use of a set of special exercises allows to increase the degree of development of coordination abilities in adolescents aged 13–14. The results of adolescent boys and girls who attended physical education lessons using a special set became significantly higher than those of adolescents whose classes were conducted without an accentuated development of coordination abilities.
Conclusion. According to the final test results, a positive effect of the exercise complex on the development of coordination abilities in adolescents with mild mental retardation has been revealed.