卷 24, 编号 181 (2019)
- 年: 2019
- ##issue.datePublished##: 15.12.2019
- 文章: 24
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/1810-0201/issue/view/19853
完整期次
PEDAGOGY OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Model of continuing pedagogical education in the region: implementation experience and development prospects
摘要
We substantiate the necessity of developing and implementing an innovative model of continuous pedagogical education in the region. As such model, we consider a multilevel educational complex, created on the basis of the Pedagogical Institute of Derzhavin Tambov State University, whose activities are aimed at implementing a number of federal projects in the framework of the national project “Education”. Our position is that the developed complex has a number of undoubted advantages in comparison with isolated educational institutions that train personnel and is able to effectively resolve existing problems in the continuous pedagogical education of the region. We substantiate the structure of a multilevel educational complex, which is a hierarchy of stages, in which the previous stage sequentially ensures the functioning of the subsequent ones. Each of the five levels (preschool education, pre-vocational pedagogical training, secondary vocational education, higher and postgraduate education) is described in detail: the basic mechanisms of their functioning are examined, the existing experience of implementation is analyzed, and prospects for further development are presented. We determine the results of educational complex of continuing pedagogical education influence on the development of the Tambov Region.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(181):7-16
7-16
THEORY AND METHODS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING
The role of collocations in the formation of the lexical speech skills
摘要
The main goal of teaching foreign language is the formation of foreign language communicative competence which implies the development of speech skills. In the methods there are different approaches to teaching foreign language, one of which is the lexical approach. Undoubtedly, the lexical approach involves focus on learning the vocabulary of the language. However, there are different points of view on which methods and forms of work are the most effective ones. Mastering vocabulary occurs by studying the compatibility of words, phrases and combinations of words. Collocations are an isolated concept, meaning certain words in a language that tend to be used together. Working with collocations is an essential component of the lexical skills formation, accordingly, we should speak about the inclusion of collocational competence in communicative competence. Analysis of the methodic literature showed that the issue of the collocations’ role in the lexical speech skills formation is not very disclosed in the domestic and foreign methodic literature. In the presented article: 1) we conduct an analysis of the works of domestic and foreign scientists on the lexical approach in teaching foreign language; 2) we prove that the process of learning vocabulary goes by learning certain combinations of words and the ability to use them; 3) we derive the definition of collocations based on the definitions and classifications of scientists; 4) we determine the key place of collocations in the vocabulary learning.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(181):17-25
17-25
Reading skills development of Master’s Degree Students in “International Relations” programme (based on Mass Media articles)
摘要
We pay attention to the two competing trends within each functional style; note the terminological diversity when naming publicistic style. We analyze pragmatic and semantic peculiarities of the mass information language. We substantiate the expediency of using informational and analytical Mass Media texts as the linguistic material in classes with Master’s Degree Students in “International Relations” programme of Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. We pay attention to the professional and communicative competencies which should be acquired by students while mastering the “Foreign language of professional activity” discipline. We focus on the need to comply with meaningful and linguistic criteria in the selection of authentic texts for Master’s Degree Students. On the example of articles from the magazine “The Economist”, we consider the system of exercises and tasks for the professional-oriented reading skills development among students for more effective reading skills teaching. We differentiate the terms “exercise” and “task”, as well as “skim reading” and “reading for detail”. We substantiate the expediency of methodical processing of Mass Media texts in accordance with the linguistic level of Master’s Degree Students. We prove the necessity of system compliance of pre-text, text and after-text tasks and exercises based on the texts on the topic: “Migration: causes, problems and ways of solving it”. We give a generic list of tasks and exercises taking into account the three-stage system.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(181):26-33
26-33
Content of teaching students of linguistic university grammar on the basis of Internet projects
摘要
Content of teaching foreign languages undergoes inevitable changes in connection with introduction of information and communication technologies. Education as an integral part of life of society has to match the criteria providing high-quality teaching process, at the same time the project method allows to execute the social order of society in more practice oriented approach to teaching. The place of grammar studying in the course of teaching foreign languages was not always unambiguous: there were cases when it was under or overestimated in educational process. However, it is worth mentioning that without well formed grammatical skills of foreign language communication any of the most modern information and communication technologies are not capable to yield qualitative result. We consider a problem of adequate use of Internet projects for university students’ grammatical skills formation as well as an issue of the corresponding content of teaching grammar. Teaching foreign language to students of both linguistic university and other higher educational institutes is directed to formation of all components of foreign language communicative competence. Project activity, as well as based on it educational Internet projects allow to bring this process of teaching to higher qualitative level. We carry out and develop: a) the analysis of the scientific works devoted to the concept “grammar” and its role in the history; b) the analysis of the researches devoted to selection of subject contents for grammatical skills formation of the students’ speech; c) the author’s subject contents of teaching grammar students of linguistic universities on the basis of implementation of foreign language Internet projects.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(181):34-42
34-42
Psychological and pedagogical conditions for teaching foreign professional communication students of “Technology of production and processing of agricultural products” programme based on the model of content and language integrated learning
摘要
Content and language Integrated learning is one of the modern approaches to teaching a foreign language for professional communication to students of non-linguistic specialties. The implementation of the approach implies taking into account the specifics of each specific profile of training within the training direction when selecting the subject content of teaching a foreign language, as well as when choosing a system of exercises and assignments aimed at creating aspects of students' foreign-language professional communicative competence. The development of an appropriate teaching methodology will depend on the consideration of a number of psychological and pedagogical conditions, which are understood as a complex of interconnected possibilities of the educational environment aimed at quantitative or qualitative changes in personality characteristics. In the framework of this study, teaching foreign students professional communication in the “Technology for the production and processing of agricultural products” programme on the basis of an integrated content-language training model will be effective when taking into account the following psychological and pedagogical conditions: 1) motivation of students to study foreign language professional communication on the basis of an integrated content-learning model; 2) students have a foreign language level of B1 and above; 3) the competence of a foreign language teacher in a profile specialty; 4) taking into account the specifics of the learning profile when selecting the subject matter of teaching a foreign language for professional communication; 5) taking into account the specifics of professional activity in the development of a complex of educational communicative tasks. In this work, we substantiate and describe each of the conditions in detail.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(181):43-54
43-54
Methodical model for teaching foreign professional communication students of “Agricultural Engineering” programme based on content and language integrated learning
摘要
Methodical model is a set of interconnected components that form a single system aimed at achieving a common goal – the formation of foreign language communicative competence among students in the “Agricultural Engineering” programme based on content and language integrated learning. The teaching system is built on the basis of system, competency-based, personal-activity, communicative-cognitive approaches, as well as content and language integrated learning. These approaches are implemented in practice using a number of didactic and methodical principles. We describe in detail the methodical principles of content and language integrated learning: principle 4 “C”, the principle of cognition, the principle of unity of thought and speech activity, the principle of integration of a foreign language and subject content, the principle of gradual complication of content, the principle of duality of reliance on native and foreign languages, the principle of optimality, the principle of knowledge personalization, the principle of interactivity and the principle of language adaptation. Content and language integrated learning of students is carried out on the basis of the following teaching methods: interactive, communicative, information-reproductive, productive, tandem-method, vocational teaching and control methods. The content of teaching based on content and language integrated modeling reflects the profile specifics of training specialists in the framework of a particular specialty. Learning tools are a set of tools of a teacher for the purpose of development, teaching and upbringing. We present and describe in detail all the components of the methodical model.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(181):55-67
55-67
QUESTIONS OF SOCIAL PEDAGOGY AND SOCIAL WORK
Social and pedagogical adaptation development of deaf students in vocational educational institutions of secondary vocational education
摘要
We show the possibility of optimizing the psychological and pedagogical support of social and pedagogical adaptation process of students with hearing impairment to educational process in vocational educational institutions of secondary vocational education through the use of an innovative author’s course of group psychological prophylaxis and correction adapted to audibly deprived students. We reveal the subject and the main content of the classes. We pay attention to the need for dead graduates of vocational educational institutions of secondary vocational education to master flexible, highly adaptive methods and techniques aimed at improving their social and psychological competence. The effectiveness of the proposed and conducted activities is confirmed by the results of monitoring the psychological sphere of deaf students’ personalities of vocational educational institutions of secondary vocational education. The analysis of the average group data showed an improvement in psychological indicators of psychological and pedagogical adaptation: a significant increase in the neuropsychological stability level, against the decrease in personal anxiety level, an increase of the personal adaptation potential value and its components, increased the communicative qualities and the behavioral regulation level, with virtually unchanged values of moral standards. The results indicate the positive dynamics presence of psychological indicators of social and pedagogical adaptation of surveyed sample after the course of group psychological prophylaxis and correction.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(181):68-75
68-75
ПЕДАГОГИКА ДОШКОЛЬНОГО И НАЧАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
The issue of diagnostics of educational design efficiency of younger students’ communication
摘要
We consider the concept of educational design as a tool that allows students to control communication. The second main task is the selection of a diagnostic tool that allows to evaluate the pedagogical efficiency of this control. We suggest that educational design should be based on reasonable technological solutions (i. e. on formalized, reproducible methods of activity), as well as allow the management of non-pedagogical (or partially pedagogical) objects and phenomena. One of these phenomena is the concept of communication. We present the substantiation of the criteria of the nature of teaching and the role of younger students in communication relations, which correspond to the peculiarities of educational design – first of all, adaptability and complexity. We describe the diagnostics of younger students’ communication complex and give information about its approbation. We present the analysis of the experimental data, including the analysis of the relationship of communicative skills components of younger students, which are specific for educational design.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(181):76-85
76-85
THEORY AND METHODS OF PHYSICAL TRAINING TEACHING
Valeological support of the educational process in higher education institutions
摘要
The relevance of the study lies in the necessity of analysis of the conditions of educational activity of students with the aim of identifying problems negatively affecting the health of students. The study analyzes the problem of preserving and strengthening the health of the younger generation in the student years and at the beginning of professional activity. Attention is paid to the need for a systematic approach to the organization of the educational process in higher education institutions, taking into account the preservation of the physical potential of students. This publication discusses the conditions of the educational process of higher educational institutions. Presented and justified components of valeological support of the educational process, including: information block in the lecture course on the subject “Physical culture”, including information about the activities of the main functional systems of the human body, the concept of physical qualities of the person and the ways of their development, the principles of formation of diet, the basics of adaptation processes of the human body, monitoring the physical condition of students during the entire period of training are presented and justified. The scheme of interrelation of the considered components in the structure of educational process in higher school is offered. The results of a prolonged study of the physical condition of students in terms of physiological samples Letunov, Stange’s test. Has been identified the dynamics of the studied indicators characterizing the work of the main functional systems of the body during the school period.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(181):86-95
86-95
Training macrocycle development for the student handball team
摘要
The relevance of the study is due to the need to effectively develop the preparation of student sports teams in team sports. Team sports require a special approach to year-round training development, since within the framework of a single training process, it is necessary to solve problems of individual, group and team sports improvement. The different level of initial preparedness of student-athletes dictates the need to create a monitoring system of preparedness level and the current state of each student who combine handball with intense educational activities. Due to the high level of academic workload, high physical and mental stress in the session period, students have little time left for training activities. At the same time, even in the absence of significant differences with the competitive activities of professional sports teams, the training of student-athletes has similar common features in the structure and content of the training process. Therefore, the purpose of our study is to identify the optimal training structure and content of student handball team. We analyze the development features of a macrocycle for preparing a student handball team for competitions. We pay attention to the main content and structure of each of the year-round macrocycle periods. General and partial volume indicators and intensity dynamics of training loads are presented and substantiated. We suggest a scheme for the use of means of restoring and improving the athletic performance of student handball players. We provide an option for the most effective training loads distribution in the year-round training cycle of the student male handball team.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(181):96-103
96-103
Physical qualities development of pre-school students in rhythmic gymnastics classes
摘要
The pre-school period is one of the most crucial periods of a person’s life, in the development of physical health and skills that ensure its improvement, strengthening and preservation in the future. At the same time, the analysis of real practical work in pre-school educational institutions shows that the requirements for the level of physical fitness and the state of health of preschool children are constantly increasing. Physical fitness of children, determined by the level of physical qualities, creates the basis for all motor activity of pre-school students. Development of physical abilities determines the process of improving child’s motor sphere and appears to be the most important component of his health. In the variety of physical education means for pre-school students, rhythmic gymnastics occupies a special place, due to its accessibility, versatility and emotionality. Recently, rhythmic gymnastics is widely used in basic forms of physical education in pre-school institutions. Purposeful rhythmic gymnastics evenly involves in the work of all muscle groups, joints, stimulates the activity of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. To date, a number of studies have been published in which issues of increasing the effectiveness of children’s physical education through the use of rhythmic gymnastics are considered. In the practice of physical education of children of preschool age, rhythmic gymnastics is used quite often. To this day, some organizational and methodic features of the use of rhythmic gymnastics complexes remain open. In a number of publications there are conflicting opinions related to the duration of individual rhythmic gymnastics complexes use. According to many experts, the set of exercises as well as its musical accompaniment, changes as necessary, because one of the criteria is the loss of children’s interest in exercises. The average duration of the use of a separate complex of rhythmic gymnastics with 2 lessons per week, varies, according to literary sources, from one and a half to three and a half months. With reference to the above, there is a need for special studies to solve current problems existing in the practice of physical education of pre-school students.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(181):104-112
104-112
Features of interval training and their advantages in the development of physical strength, speed and agility in the teaching of an employee of internal affairs bodies
摘要
The relevance of interval training study is due to the peculiarities of training employees of internal affairs bodies, who are required to have a high level of physical fitness and be ready for a long period of physical activity. Protecting public order and ensuring public security often require considerable physical effort from an employee, as there is a need to prosecute and detain the offender, the criminal, and, in particular, the use of combat techniques. For all of the above, it is necessary not only to be technically and tactically trained, but also physically developed, possessing such qualities as strength, speed and agility. This necessitates the development of interval training and shows their advantages in the development of these qualities in the training of an employee of the internal affairs bodies. The purpose of the presented research is to analyze the features of interval training and their advantages in the development of physical strength, speed and agility in the training of internal affairs employee. The methods base of the study is the method of physical training of internal affairs employees on the basis of order content of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia of July 1, 2017 no. 450, which approved the instruction on the organization of classes with the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation in order to improve their physical fitness level, as well as the results of observations methods of interval training for the most qualitative increase in the level of physical indicators in the power and speed indicators for three months. We draw attention to the order of working out a number of power qualities, such as: bending and unbending arms in the supine position (push-ups), bending and unbending arms in hanging on the crossbar (pulling up), pressing weights, etc., as well as the method of exercise for speed, quickness and agility, various types of shuttle running for various distances, for intervals set to perform these exercises. The novelty of the study is to combine exercises on physical endurance increase into a single complex, which includes exercises of multidirectional nature and the time frame during which the exercises are performed in different tempo tasks, and the correct time for recovery is taken into account. An important fact is that the time for these interval workouts is no more than 15 minutes, and the amount of accomplishment is very significant.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(181):113-119
113-119
THEORY AND METHODS OF SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ACTIVITY ORGANIZATION
Theoretical and methodological bases of children’s creative activity development
摘要
We present main approaches of foreign and domestic scientists to a problem of children’s creative activity development in contemporary conditions. We analyze several definitions of “creative activity”. We substantiate the relevance of creative activity development support of younger generation based on the analysis of regulating documents in education and culture, as well as theoretical sources on a research problem. We define prerequisites and functions of creative activity. We give the definition example of “creative activity” in terms of the psychological conditions defining personal development of child as an indicator of successful assignment of cultural and leisure experience. Creative activity appears in inclusion of children in the creative, originative activities aimed at implementation of potential of the personality, its self-development. Creative activity extends to productive processes necessary for the quickest way out of problematic situations that arise in the management environment, education and politics sectors, cultural field, in the implementation of innovation activities, as well as in the case of new forms of creative interaction practical implementation. This phenomenon is due to the enormous potential of creative activity in such social relations as “person – person”, “person – society”, “person – nature”, “person – sign systems”, “person – technology”, “person – artistic image”.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(181):120-127
120-127
NATIONAL HISTORY
A.S. Shishkov on Peter the Great
摘要
Over the last years, studying of conservative ideology became an essential part of historical researches. In this regard, the objective of research is the analysis of Peter the Great’s character made by A.S. Shishkov. To achieve this objective, we investigate the focus and reasons of changes in evolution of linguistic views regarding the reformer. We primarily use the problematic-chronological method; historical facts are studied based on principles of historicism and objectivity. Peter I is presented as a positive character mainly in legends and tales of yore, which indicates Shishkov’s superficial knowledge of the reformer’s reign history. The admiral shows more favor to Peter I in public media. We assert that he admired Peter’s I moral qualities. A.S. Shishkov used Peter’s I name in political argumentation in flattering expressions. Admiring the tsar’s reformation methods and his administrative reforms, A.S. Shishkov often viewed him as a historical role model. In addition to this, we prove that A.S. Shishkov criticized the Europeanization performed by Peter I encouraging to fight against it using Peter’s I methods. It is shown that A.S. Shishkov indicated the depletion of linguistic sphere. He argued against Peter’s I projects on the issue of serfdom law. Philologist accused Peter I of customs and traditions violation, propagation of foreign-born enlightenment, and moral capitulation under the western influence. We identify that, according to A.S. Shishkov, Peter I adopted foreign customs in prejudice of Russian identity. The conclusion is drawn that A.S. Shishkov saw both positive and negative sides in the personality and reforms of Peter I.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(181):128-136
128-136
Tambov public library as an element of provincial cultural environment
摘要
The relevance of the study is due to the need to fill the historiographical gap in the study of public libraries activities of pre-revolutionary Russia as an element of the provincial cultural environment. We consider formation and activities history of Tambov public library (opened in the city of Tambov in 1833). Novelty of the work is the introduction of previously unused historical sources in the characteristic of public libraries. The subject of the study are staffing table features, use pattern of the fund, ways of functioning of the stock company in public library, specifics of shares issue and disposition, social composition of readers. An important element of the study is the research of Tambov public library decline problems in post-reform time, reasons for the lack of material resources and attempts to transfer institution to the balance of the Tambov city budget. We note the role of private initiative in the arrangement of library at different stages of its development. We assess the books catalogues published at the institution which are one of the first printed bibliographies of public libraries in Russia. In the framework of literary preferences of library users study, we consider the assessments of the gymnasium director and Tambov Seminary rector, whose tasks included supervision of students’ reading and librarians’ implementation of circulars and decrees of public education minister. Theoretical and concrete historical analysis of Tambov public library allowed to draw conclusions about the significant impact of the library institution on the local cultural environment. We emphasize that the formation of library brought together the structure of provincial society, contributed to the qualitative social and cultural transformations of local population.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(181):137-143
137-143
Arrangement of the Tambov Theological Seminary: Tambov Diocese in the 1860–1870s
摘要
Theological educational institutions appeared in Russia in the reign of Peter I. In the second half of the 19th century, these were already established schools of theological education and upbringing. In 20 years of reforming theological schools in Tambov department, authoritative bishops arrived, having a great influence on church life not only in Tambov Governorate, but also in Russian state. The first in this series is Saint Theophan the Recluse. During this period the archpastors of Tambov Land created the conditions for the seminary development. This concerned the educational process and spiritual and moral education. Their care was manifested in the construction of theological school and new knowledge. Sufficient attention was also paid to economic issues. Concern for seminarians was not fake, expressed in the daily relentless care for their organization. For its turn, the Tambov eparchy showed concern for the organization of male and female monasteries, the parochial gymnasium, and other issues of the eparchy’s life.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(181):144-148
144-148
Patrimonial archives of the Tambov landowners’ estates: the documentary heritage nationalization
摘要
We consider the potential of the Russian landowners’ estates patrimonial records management as a historical source for the features characteristic of the landlord economy development after the serfdom abolition. We study the fate of patrimonial archives of Russia in the comparative aspect with the history of other countries, mechanisms of values nationalization from the largest Tambov estates, its consequences for documentary collections. An important element of the work was the consideration of historiographical aspects of the work with the private estates document circulation. Consideration of the positions of A.M. Anfimov, L.P. Kovalenko, L.P. Minarik regarding authentic qualities of patrimonial records management allows to identify the advantages and disadvantages of using patrimonial documents in historical research. Specific characteristics of landlords’ records management are considered on the material of a separate Fund of the Novo-Pokrovsky estate in the Tambov Governorate (State archive of the Tambov Region). The Fund combines 1309 units, reflecting the history of the estate from the time of its purchase in 1895 until the liquidation of the estate in 1918. A variety of records management documentation shows the development and complexity of administrative control of a certain manor. The structure of the archive includes orders, circulars and instructions of the Main office to the manager, administrative orders of the chief manager to the heads of individual districts, cases of purchase by count A.V. Orlov-Davydov of other estates in the Tambov Governorate, books of summary budgets of savings, annual reports, abstracts of incoming papers, summary production statistics on individual holdings, credit data. These materials are reliable sources for studying the economic consequences of modernization of large landlords’ economy.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(181):149-155
149-155
Merchants’ daily life culture in provincial towns of Tambov Province in the first half of the 19th century
摘要
We consider the problem of studying the daily life of trade and business segments of the population in the provincial Russian city of the agrarian region in the pre-reform period. Primarily we analyze the features of daily life, the farm and household, nutrition, housing merchant families. We trace acquisition and property inheritance practice, daily culture formation in the merchant environment in the provincial Russian town using forensic investigation materials. The relevance of the work is in the importance of studying the most economically successful families of entrepreneurs in the uezd town in the pre-reform period. The study of sources enables to extend the territorial peculiarities of the daily life of a provincial merchant of the town in the agricultural region. The novelty of the research is in the micro-historical approach to the integrated study of the daily life culture as one of the forms of property and class differentiation of citizens. Microanalysis allows us to present specific reasons and motives for the formation of large property, ownership of permanent and movable property, savings, housing conditions improvement, food trade and business segments of the urban population on the example of its individual representatives and families.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(181):156-163
156-163
Soldiers’ children as a special social institution in the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th century
摘要
We consider the social and legal status, family status and class transformations of soldiers’ offspring in the second half of the 19th century. The great reforms of the 60–70s of the 19th century did not actually affect the regulation of children of lower ranks and reserve soldiers. In this context, it is clear that there has been very little change in the situation of such children compared to the recruitment period. Soldiers’ children in the 19th century continued to fill up the lumpenized population groups of the Russian Empire, and their situation remained shaky, unstable and uncertain. We reveal the historical and legal dynamics aspects of the social and class status of children of representatives of the “military class”: soldiers’ children, reserve soldiers’ children, recruits’ children. We ascertain features of the charity and welfare organization for the families with called up soldiers during the Crimean War of 1853–1856 and the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878. Attracting a wide range of archival sources and published materials allowed quite successfully to reconstruct existing social and legal regulation and the practice of charity “military offspring” of lower ranks soldiers. We reveal features of the “reflection” of soldiers’ position in primary archival documents and legislative acts, including social and legal conflicts and trends that determined the life and fate of “military children”. We give a historiographic assessment of the study of legal status of soldiers’ children and their everyday life in the war and peace years of the second half of the 19th century. We identify research gaps in the works of domestic and foreign historians on the stated issues. We draw conclusions about the prospects of studying the post-reform ethnic and social, social and cultural, class and legal features of the soldier’s offspring, which is still “in the shadow” of research interest in the history community. We prove that “soldiers’ children” were and remained a special social institution in the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th century. We reveal the peculiarities of studying this category of “military class” in pre-reform and post-reform Russia.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(181):164-172
164-172
“Are you defective or immoral?”. Problems of selection and socialization of “morally defective” children in the 20s of the 20th century in Soviet Russia: regional aspects
摘要
We consider the regional features of the social protection system of “morally handicapped” children in Tambov province in the first decade of Soviet government (1918–1928). We representatively and comprehensively investigate various poorly studied aspects of the declared scientific problem on the basis of attraction and processing of a wide complex of primary archival sources and other materials. We reveal typical regional features of the social education system formation in relation to homeless children and children with criminal tendencies in the formation period of the new socialist state at the provincial and county levels, different from the capital’s projects and instructions. We also show spontaneity and haste in the search for different forms and methods of organization of care for such socially neglected children. We clarify the main educational practices and organizational measures for the opportunities and needs of provincial institutions of the social education. We identify the main ways and methods of work with juvenile offenders during the period under review. Conclusions are drawn about the results and features of support for such “special” children and adolescents at the level of the province and county, which allowed to reconstruct the system of social protection of post-revolutionary Russia. Special attention was paid to the social protection of women’s councils female workers’ children and other regional public organizations. Attention is paid to the importance of taking into account regional specifics and specific historical, socio-political, socio-cultural and ethno-confessional features of the social education system. We clarify the factors that had the strongest impact on the personnel, financing of children’s social institutions, as well as trends in their development in the Soviet era. We reveal the catastrophic impact of the new economic policy on the regional system of social education and the work of orphanages, where homeless children gathered, who lacked other opportunities for socialization and survival.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(181):173-184
173-184
Superstitions and folk rites in the Samara, Saratov and Penza Governorates
摘要
Often in everyday life we have to deal with various signs and superstitions that are quite tenacious, despite their incompatibility with Orthodoxy. Superstitions usually refer to the stories of the water spirit, bogie, puck, mermaids, healers, sorcerers, etc., as well as various supernatural creatures and inexplicable phenomena. Various charms, amulets, nauzes, etc. can also be attributed to superstition, as all of the above is an attribute of witchcraft. These phenomena arose, most likely due to a lack of enlightenment, education and Orthodox culture. Superstitions come to life in the usual proverbs, sayings, signs. Many rituals and customs – weddings, christenings, funerals, and even Orthodox holidays intertwined with more ancient rituals. They cannot be destroyed, it is transferred from century to century by one generation to another down to every last detail. Therefore, folk paganism constantly attracts close attention of researchers, as well as all who would like to understand the spiritual origins of our culture today. The phenomenon of dual faith is one of the varieties of neo-paganism. We explore the superstitions and folk rites in the Samara, Saratov and Penza Governorates.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(181):185-191
185-191
FOREIGN COUNTRIES’ HISTORY
Franz Joseph I as a monarch and politician (presented by the British newspaper “The Times”)
摘要
We analyze the publicistic material of the British newspaper “The Times” in order to identify the attitude of Great Britain towards the political activities of Franz Joseph I – the last Emperor of Austria-Hungary. The study of newspaper articles allowed us to identify a voluminous block of publications that give the Emperor’s personal assessment, and also comment on a number of political decisions made by Franz Joseph I. Despite the fact that “The Times” has repeatedly harshly condemned the Austrian and Hungarian governments and parliaments for their inability cohesively make important political decisions and prevent domestic problems in time; criticism did not extend to the Emperor’s personality. According to “The Times”, Franz Joseph I was a respected ruler and a strong leader. Analysis of newspaper material showed that the following issues were most frequently raised and addressed in the British newspaper: 1) the personal qualities of Emperor Franz Joseph I; 2) the Emperor’s national policy; 3) the place and role of Franz Joseph I in the political development of Austria-Hungary. After the study of publicistic material we draw conclusion that the British liberals were very positive about the contribution of Franz Joseph I to the dual monarchy formation. According to “The Times”, Franz Joseph I had a reputation for being a poised, tactful, benevolent monarch.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(181):192-197
192-197
The nature of the development of large land ownership in Galicia in 1848–1902
摘要
We analyze the development nature of large-scale land tenure in Galicia in 1848–1902. We substantiate the dependence of social and economic state of the Rusyns-Ukrainian peasantry on the agrarian reform carried out in the Austrian Empire in 1848. We analyze the national composition of landowners (predominantly Poles). We characterize the remnants of the serfdom system in Galicia, in particular, easements problems (rights to use the landowner’s forests, meadows, pastures). We consider the order of easements replacement on smaller land plots of non-cultivated land (in comparison with the territory available with the right to use) in favor of peasants. We analyze the economic development of owner’s lands in the second half of the 19th century. We provide the conclusion about the agriculture mechanization degree lagging behind the Western Austrian lands in connection with peasant overpopulation and the associated cheapness of labor force, as well as the high cost for the impoverished Polish szlachta (nobility) of imported machines. We consider the level of employees’ wages in the agricultural sector, the duration of working day. The decrease in the wages share is due to the use of modern agricultural machinery, which has reduced the contribution of the employee to the harvest. We characterize the taxes distribution between landowners and peasants.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(181):198-203
198-203
Ideological and educational logistics in determining success of contemporary state educational policy, implemented in Republic of South Africa (RSA)
摘要
We pay attention to the study of educational system development of the Republic of South Africa (RSA) during the apartheid regime and after its fall. According to peculiarities inherent in RSA at the present stage of state formation, we identify education as a fundamental element in strengthening RSA positions in the international arena. We note the high activity of the current government in solving the educational issues faced by RSA citizens after the fall of the apartheid regime. We considered the legal basis for the formation of a modern educational vector system which implements in RSA. We also consider state educational policy of RSA in comparatively-international aspect with the use of our calculation tools based on ideological educational logistics. The novelty of the research work is that we conducted a study to determine the level of educational potential of RSA in the international aspect by using qualimetric model, which is based on ideological educational logistics. We examine the historical and legislative bases which reveal the essence of the current state policy in the education and science fields of the RSA. We consider the features of democratic elements, required for the formation of unified national educational trajectory regardless of gender and race. We reveal the democratic approaches in the education system. Democratic values embedded in the educational system allowed all citizens to receive affordable qualitative education. The results of research activities can be used in the works of pedagogical, foreign policy and comparative prognostic activities, as well as in works that require determining the success of the state educational policy in the international aspect.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(181):204-214
204-214