REGIONAL PROBLEM

In the work, the authors have considered geological – structural position and regularities of placers and root sources location at the Oldoi gold-bearing system. It is situated on the area of Berezitovy ore-placer node (RRU) of the Amur gold-bearing province. The node is an isometric, rounded central type structure with fragments of radial and annular faults. The core element of the gold-bearing system is the Oldoi River valley with the Khaikta River tributary, which crosses the geological structure of the central type in the northeasterly direction. River valleys are rich with placers. More than 50 tons of gold have been extracted from them. The valleys are oriented along fragments of radial or concentric faults. The authors have given characteristics of placer groups, indicating the volume of production and typomorphic features of native gold. The gold in the placers is small and medium-sized. The goldenrods shapes range from lamellar and pellet-shaped to scaly. Quite often the nuggets are come upon weighing up to 1.8 kg. In most placers gold is highly valuable. It has been stated that the sources of the Oldoi gold-bearing system are located on its periphery and saturated with Paleozoic and Mesozoic intrusive formations. They are represented in the northwestern part of the system by the Berezitovoye gold-polymetallic deposit and manifestations of gold-polymetallic, gold-sulfide-quartz and gold-quartz formations (Sergachinskoye and Khaiktinskoye ore fields). In the northeastern part, the source of placers is the gold mineralization of the Mongolian ore field with manifestations of gold-sulfide-quartz and gold-quartz formations. On the southern periphery of the placer system, the root sources are represented by manifestations of gold-mercury and gold-sulfide formations. The future prospects of the gold mining industry lie in the identification, exploration and exploitation of new gold deposits, including the gold-mercury formation, unconventional for the Amur region.

The paper presents the initial data on the composition and relative contents of hydrocarbons and their derivatives of medium volatility in mineral water with high CO₂ content from two sites at the Shmakovka field wells located in Primorsky Territory. The total organic carbon concentration and average volatile organic matter content are considered in the instrument units of measurement. The author used a field unit for solid phase extraction. The investigated waters extracts were obtained directly at the sampling site. By capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, it was found a variety of organic components constituting 15 homological series. It was stated the dominance of aliphatic hydrocarbons (n-alkanes, isoalkanes, alkenes, etc.) in the studied mineral waters. The other organic substances identified in the extract of the Shmakovka deposit carbonic acid water are oxygen- and sulphur-containing compounds and aromatic (including heteroaromatic) HCs. The paper describes the molecular weight distribution of limiting hydrocarbons and calculated geochemical odd indices. For These organic compounds are assumed to have either a bacterial origin, or the result of organic residues of microbiological genesis transformation by carbon dioxide. The detected phthalic acid esters are not of instrumental origin (during chromatographic analysis), they are dissolved in mineral water. It is also assumed the anthropogenic influence on the Vostochno-Ussursky site. The conducted study of the average volatility organic components in carbonic mineral water of the Shmakovka deposit is important for both regional ecology and balneology. The obtained database on organic components in mineral waters of the well-known Far Eastern health resort may be used to reveal which of the compounds are beneficial or harmful to the human body. It can also help to detect the components indicating the anthropogenic pollution.

The article deals with an urgent demographic problem in the Jewish Autonomous region, connected with the factor of population marital structure influence on a birth rate decrease. The study is relevant as the population marital structure state has an impact on the most important demographic processes – fertility, mortality and reproduction, and, eventually, on disintegration of the family as the main unit of the society. Based on divorce and marriage coefficients dynamic series comparative analysis, made by the authors for the Far Eastern Federal District regions in 1990-2022, it was registered the initial growth of the population, due to its natural growth, with the following return to natural decline. The Pearson correlation, used by the authors at the study, shows a direct interrelation between the number of marriages and the number of children born, in the Jewish Autonomous region. It is observed a great number of babies born out of wedlock. Though there is an inconsiderable trend towards this rate decrease, its value is still high – the fact that shows transformation of the marriage institution. Moreover, this indicator prevails in rural settlements with a much lower living standards of the population. There is a decrease in the fertility rate which leads to the showings far from providing a simple type of reproduction.

Since similar studies have not been conducted in the region, the presented materials demonstrate an intermediate result of this topic, which is in the research process, aimed at providing a deeper study of the demographic situation in the region. 

Modern labor market is very important in the economic system of society, shaping supply and demand between employers and employees, which, in turn, affects the level of competitiveness, both on a national scale and at the regional level. In this paper, the author analyzes and assesses the labor and employment market current state in the Jewish Autonomous region identifying the main trends in its development. Within the framework of the JAR labor market analysis and comparison with the Far Eastern Federal District and the Russian Federation labor markets, it has been  determined the key indicators of its formation and development, namely: the labor force size; the number and level of employees by industries and types of economic activity, the level of education at age groups; the size and level of unemployment, the level of registered unemployment; the level of wages, labor migration and demographic situation in the region. The study of labor market in the Jewish Autonomous region over the past 7 years has made it possible to see its structural transformation and determine the main trends for its formation and development. The author has also identified main problems and imbalances in the JAR labor market: a decrease in the labor force size over the entire study period; the employed population reduction, including young people, with negative migration; high qualified staff shortage – both among skilled workers and senior management personnel, and other problems.

It is concluded that without a well-thought-out state policy in the field of population retention, currently, it is almost impossible to solve the problem of labor resources and staff shortage in the Jewish Autonomous region. The article presents the factual material analysis, in particular: the labor market main indicators, employment and unemployment in the Jewish Autonomous region, the Far Eastern Federal District and the Russian Federation in dynamics for the period of 2018–2023.

The passing of time will never erase from the memory of generations the years of the Great Patriotic War. The further from us are those events, the more evident appears the military and labor feat of the Soviet people, who defended in a brutal single combat not only their own freedom and independence, but also saved the world from destruction and fascist barbarity. The Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945 was the most severe test for the Soviet state.

The Jewish Autonomous region, as well as the whole Soviet Far East, served as the rear in that war with Nazi Germany. But any day, it could become a real front.

On June 23, 1941, meetings of party activists and workers’ rallies were held in Birobidzhan and in regional centers. The residents expressed their anger at the fascist hordes invasion. The speakers called on patriots to make all their efforts to support the heroic Red Army, providing its needs and giving the front and the country all necessary things and products to defeat the enemy.

During the Great Patriotic War, more than 11,000 residents of the Jewish Autonomous region joined the Red Army. As part of the Far Eastern formations, they showed heroism fighting in the territories of Russia, Belarus, the Baltic States, Western European countries, and in the war against Japanese militarists in the Far East. The names of countrymen, who fell on the battlefields during the Second World War, have been immortalized on the monuments and memorial plaques.