Physical activity as a regulator of myocardial remodeling: from cellular mechanisms to clinical recommendations

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Abstract

Cardiac rehabilitation is an effective method for restoring and improving cardiovascular function in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Rehabilitation exercises not only enhance physical endurance and improve patients’ psycho-emotional state but also play a key role in myocardial remodeling. This article explores the molecular and cellular mechanisms through which physical activity influences cardiac tissue repair, including the regulation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis, angiogenesis, fibrosis, and inflammatory processes. The review analyzes current research data confirming the positive impact of exercise on the morphological and functional state of the heart, as well as the prospects for using rehabilitation training as an adjunctive strategy to optimize myocardial remodeling. Particular attention is given to the role of non-coding RNAs, signaling pathways, and intercellular interactions in these processes. The study also identifies gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying exercise-induced improvements in pathological cardiac remodeling, highlighting the need for further research. The use of modern methods, such as high-throughput sequencing and analysis of individual cells, may open up new perspectives in studying the mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects of rehabilitation exercises. These technologies make it possible to detail the mechanisms of adaptation of the cardiovascular system to physical activity and identify potential therapeutic targets for the development of new drugs and non-medicinal interventions.

About the authors

Magomed-Emi Kh. Idigov

Rostov State Medical University

Email: maga707q@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-9705-2255

student

Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

Sofia G. Shirkhanyan

Rostov State Medical University

Email: goldensofii@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-7991-0515

student

Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

Airat R. Galimov

Bashkir State Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: galimovajrat457@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4403-0204
SPIN-code: 8742-4109

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor

Russian Federation, Ufa

Angelina A. Khechumyan

Rostov State Medical University

Email: angelina.koroleva.2016@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0006-4262-1712

student

Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

Ambartsum O. Khoshafyan

Rostov State Medical University

Email: a-khoshafyan@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-5786-6059

student

Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

Gasan V. Pashaev

Rostov State Medical University

Email: pasaevgasan54@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-3014-3555

student

Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

Amina A. Mamedkhanova

Rostov State Medical University

Email: amina.mamedkhanova@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-6786-642X

student

Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

Mamed S. Mamedov

Rostov State Medical University

Email: Mamedov.939@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-6292-4297

student

Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

Anar A. Mamedkhanov

Rostov State Medical University

Email: amamedkhanov.dok@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0009-3231-4681

student

Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

Aisa V. Kankaeva

Rostov State Medical University

Email: kankaeva.a@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-6167-0218

student

Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

Aizan M. Susarova

Rostov State Medical University

Email: aizan.mur@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-4924-1532

student

Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

Dmitriy V. Minaev

Rostov State Medical University

Email: dima.minaev.2000@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-0079-3409

student

Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

Ilya Yu. Levdik

Far Eastern State Medical University

Email: levdik15@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-3642-6213

student

Russian Federation, Khabarovsk

Alena O. Petrova

Samara State Medical University

Email: apetroff01@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-5074-3802

student

Russian Federation, Samara

Magomed V. Aliev

Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University

Email: alievm294@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0006-1747-6197

student

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

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