Ag(I), Cu(II), and Cd(II) sulfacetamide complexes: Synthesis, spectral, thermal study, and antimicrobial activity assessment

Abstract

Sulfacetamide complexes of Ag(I), Cu(II), and Cd(II) were synthesized and characterized by the elemental analyses and IR and ¹H NMR spectra. Structural assessment revealed two modes of coordination in the sulfacetamide complexes, showing that sulfacetamide reacts as a bidentate ligand and coordinates to Ag(I) and Cd(II) through the amido and sulfonyl oxygens and to Cu(II) through the NH₂ nitrogen. Molar conductance measurements in DMSO showed that both the complexes are nonelectrolytes in nature, which allowed they to be assigned the formulas [Ag(SAM-Na)(NO₃)H₂O)]·3H₂O, [Cu(SAM-Na)₂(Cl)₂], and [Cd(SAM-Na)(Cl)₂]·10H₂O. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the thermal decomposition reactions of the complexes were estimated from the TG/DTG curves by the Coats–Redfern and Horowitz–Metzeger methods. The surface morphology of sulfacetamide complexes was scanned using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses.