Vol 64, No 4 (2018)

A combined asymptotical and iteration method is used to study dispersion curves for the case of dynamic bending of isotropically layered plates. Based on the explicit limit formulation of dispersion equation, asymptotics of roots are derived in closed form for large values of root moduli. The influence of elastic and geometric parameters of layers are analyzed. The existence of critical values of geometric parameters that correspond to change of the type of asymptotics is demonstrated. The errors of asymptotics are estimated, and an iterative method is proposed for calculating the exact values of roots in statics. A low-frequency long-wave asymptotics of complex dispersion curves is derived; its accuracy is the higher the lower the frequency and the greater the number of the curve are. It is also proved that each complex curve has a long flat segment, the length of which increases simultaneously with the number of curve. The dispersion curves themselves are also calculated by another specific iterative procedure. The fundamental bending mode is analyzed together with its purely imaginary sister. The existence of the additional purely imaginary curve at low frequency is proved. Examples of calculating the static roots and the dispersion curves for subcritical and supercritical values of geometrical parameters are presented, and the efficiency of the algorithm is estimated.

The observed nonclassical power-law dependence of the amplitude of the second harmonic wave on the amplitude of a harmonic pump wave is explained as a phenomenon associated with two types of nonlinearity in a structurally inhomogeneous medium. An approach to solving the inverse problem of determining the nonlinearity parameters and the exponent in the above-mentioned dependence is demonstrated. To describe the effects of strongly pronounced nonlinearity, equations containing a double nonlinearity and generalizing the Hopf and Burgers equations are proposed. The possibility of their exact linearization is demonstrated. The profiles, spectral composition, and average wave intensity in such doubly nonlinear media are calculated. The shape of the shock front is found, and its width is estimated. The wave energy losses that depend on both nonlinearity parameters—quadratic and modular—are calculated.

The paper presents results from experimental studies on the influence of loading–unloading processes on the mechanical, linear, and nonlinear properties of the strain-hardening polycrystalline aluminum alloy AMg6 (Rus). The stress–strain curve is measured for AMg6 samples under high-cycle loading–unloading up to fracture of a sample. The microhardness of the sample is measured before and after its fracture. It has been found that the loading–unloading process leads to strain hardening of the AMg6 alloy. The influence of strain hardening of AMg6 on its linear and nonlinear elastic properties is studied by an ultrasonic method. To study the nonlinear elastic properties for different domains of the loading curve, we used the Thurston–Brugger method and spectral method by studying the efficiency of second acoustic harmonic generation. The experimental results are discussed.

A new acousto-optic deflector with a wide angular scanning range and a high diffraction efficiency has been studied. The device uses an additional deflector, which allows the angle of incidence of the input beam to be adjusted in order to fulfill the Bragg phase–matching condition over the entire scanning range of the main deflector. The characteristics of an anisotropic two-crystal deflector based on paratellurite crystals have been measured. It has been established experimentally that the operating bandwidth of the device is 32 MHz for a diffraction coefficient no less than 90%, which determines a light beam scanning angle of 50 mrad.

A modified Biot/Squirt flow model was developed. The difference between MBISQ and BISQ models is the expression for the porosity differential. Numerical analysis shows that the acoustic dispersion predicted by MBISQ is much higher than by BISQ. Investigations of the effects of permeability, viscosity, and squirt flow length on velocity and attenuation indicate that the behavior of MBISQ agrees with that of the BISQ model. The result of sediment acoustic inversion based on MBISQ was more reasonable than the result of BISQ model.

Recent processing of earlier obtained experimental data has revealed two phenomena making it possible to obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for detecting a forward scattering signal with the best efficiency. The location object should intersect one of the rays connecting the emitter and the receiver without touching the water surface. This is the basis of the first phenomenon: significant (more than 100-fold) compression of the detected signal. The second phenomenon is that the noise background surrounding the detected signal is a type of noise formed by an uneven bottom relief. This noise does not generate false alarms and is physically similar to speckle noise in optics. It is demonstrated that additive noise is primarily formed by signals scattered by a rough lake surface and that this noise is weakly suppressed when detecting the useful signal; however, it can be eliminated by imparting directivity to the illuminating signal source. All other noise is completely suppressed.

The paper considers the regular patterns that can be manifested in the behavior of the invariant of the spatial–frequency interference structure of an acoustic field in oceanic waveguides that are homogeneous and inhomogeneous along a track. Using the WKB and adiabatic approximations, an analytic expression is obtained for the invariant that, when certain conditions are fulfilled, reduces to the well-known classical expression independent of the mode numbers, their parity, or the emission frequency. It has been established that the approximate classical expression for the invariant correctly describes the slope of interference lines only in ranges of variation in the grazing angles of modes where the dependence of the cycle length of their corresponding Brillouin waves on the ray parameter is quite smooth and monotonic. The paper studies the formation of the spatial–frequency interference structure of an acoustic field propagating from a shallowwater isovelocity waveguide to a relatively deep-water waveguide with a near-surface sound channel.

An experimental study of the generation of pressure fluctuations in a well acoustic emitter with nozzles of various shapes has been carried out. The effect of a smooth nozzle inlet section on the generation amplitude, the optimum jet length, and the outlet diameter has been studied. The formation of a region of reverse currents connecting to the cavity in the nozzle between the channel wall and the jet periphery has been considered. A significant increase in the generation amplitude produced at the smooth nozzle inlet and the formation of a uniform velocity profile in the nozzle channel have been observed.

Numerical simulation of acoustic processes with an interferometer at high acoustic pressure levels is one of the ways to noise reduction processes using samples of sound-absorbing structures (SAS). In the course of research, an SAS sample consisting of a single Helmholtz resonator of circular shape was used. Studies were conducted at sound pressure levels of 110, 130, 140, and 150 dB. Results obtained with the interferometer with normal wave incidence were taken as a basis. In the calculations, systems of linearized and complete Navier–Stokes equations were used. The results obtained with the linearized Navier–Stokes equations make it possible to determine the acoustic characteristics of the sample for linear modes of operation with sufficient accuracy. The complete system of Navier–Stokes equations, taking into account compressibility, allowed good qualitative and quantitative agreement with the experiment at high acoustic pressure levels.