Methods for Studying Materials and Structures in Electronics as Applied to the Development of Medicinal Endoprostheses of Titanium with Enhanced Fibroinegration Efficiency

Titanium alloys approved for clinical use in Russia are widely used in traumatology, maxillofacial surgery, and stomatology, mainly for manufacturing various endoprostheses and dental implants, i.e., structures to be introduced and installed into the bone and soft tissues of the human organism, capable of both biointegration and bioadaptation in the tissues of the human organism. In the field of medicinal material science, particularly, in designing structures for medicinal use based on titanium and its alloys and also various coatings on the surface of such structures, the modern methods and instruments developed for the electronic industry are being widely used. The methods designed for investigating materials and structures in electronics are employed in medicinal technology and particularly in the development of titanium implants. This makes it possible to develop the fundamentals for the technology of preparing the optimal microrelief on the surface of titanic endoprostheses intended for engrafting in soft tissues (i.e., fibrointegrable) and covered by bioactive coatings of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) with the anatase structure obtained by atomic-layer deposition. The research is aimed at revealing the optimal surface treatment of such endoprostheses in order to achieve improved fibrointegration properties for using them in maxillofacial surgery. It is shown that the strong adhesion and fibrointegration between the titanium endoprosthesis and the connective tissue are achieved at the average surface roughness of (4–8) × 10² nm, the root-mean-square roughness of (5 × 10²–1 × 10³) nm, a profile height of (3–6) × 10³ nm, and a thickness of the bioactive coatings of the order of magnitude of 10 nm.