Vol 82, No 2 (2018)

SEM, laser goniophotometry, and Raman spectroscopy are used to analyze a modification of the carbon PAN fiber shell of KUP-VM composite upon irradiation with 30 keV Ne⁺ and Ar⁺ ions at normal incidence and temperatures of RT to 600°C. It is found that the formation of corrugated submicron structures in the composite upon irradiation at elevated temperatures (≥125°C for neon and ≥250°C for argon) displays certain features at temperatures of 400–500°C. The corrugated faces’ angles of inclination and the fraction of the corrugated structure on the fiber surface at these temperatures are minimal. Together with regularities established earlier, the observed patterns allow us to relate ion-induced corrugation to anisotropic radiation- induced plastic processes of dimensional changes in carbon materials affected by ion sputtering of their surfaces.

Patterns of hydrogen isotope trapping and retention are investigated by applying hydrogen ion radiation to nickel samples free of oxidation, tungsten samples with oxide layer on their surfaces, and tungsten samples with aluminum coating with oxide layer. It is found that hydrogen isotope desorption upon hydrogen ion plasma irradiation occurs in samples of tungsten and tungsten with aluminum coating, but not in nickel samples. It is concluded that hydrogen isotope transport through the tungsten–aluminum interface is initiated when one surface of a samples is irradiated with hydrogen plasma ions.

A theory is developed for the ion sputtering of metals resulting in the formation of excited neutral and charged clusters with their subsequent fragmentation to a stable state. The effect fragmentation has on the kinetic spectra and charge state of clusters is considered. The results are presented in the form of convenient formulas. Calculations for the kinetic spectra of polyatomic clusters of niobium and silver are given as examples.

The focusing and overfocusing of atoms sputtered from Ni (001) face are studied with the use of molecular dynamics computer simulations. When a crystal transitions from the paramagnetic to the ferromagnetic state, there is a reduction in the number of focused and overfocused sputtered atoms. The evolution of distributions of sputtered atoms with the simultaneous energy and polar angle resolution due to changes in the azimuthal angle and binding energy of atoms at a surface is studied.

The nature of high-energy electrons generated in thin metallic films under the impact of hydrogen and plasma deuterium is investigated. A way of converting chemical energy into electrical energy in hydrogen power structures based on Schottky diodes is proposed, and the efficiency of conversion is calculated. The efficiency of the technique for converting chemical energy into electrical energy using Schottky diodes is found to reach tens of percent, making the investigated structures promising for use in devices that convert chemical energy into electrical energy.

Patterns of energy transfer and accumulation in elastic interactions between Nb⁺ ions (E₀ = 0.1–3 keV) and atoms of a Nb single crystal are studied by means of molecular dynamics. Spatial distributions of the recoil energy in the bulk of the crystal are calculated. It is shown that recoil energy is accumulated in the region of the densest packing of atoms, mainly in the outermost (N = 1–3) monolayers of the crystal. The effect the orientation of the target with respect to the beam has on the recoil energy and its spatial distributions is determined.

Using the Langevin approach to the theory of channeling, it is shown that the equipartition rule is valid not only in respect of electron energy losses of channeled particles, but for their nuclear energy losses as well. It is shown that nuclear energy losses of channeled particles are directly proportional to the atomic diffusion coefficient, the numerical value of which is calculated using a computer program.

The effect nonequilibrium low-temperature plasma has on knitted fabric made of natural cellulose fibers is considered. It is shown that plasma treatment improves the hydrophilicity of the material and can replace the liquid preparation of knitted fabrics for dyeing.

A Nd–Fe–B permanent magnet is studied by means of atomic force microscopy. Phase diagrams are obtained at the center and at the edge of the sample. The homogeneity of the magnetic structure is investigated.

Steady-state temperature distributions in flat conductors of different configurations with direct electric current flowing inside them are investigated. It is shown that the temperature distributions are determined not only by the properties of a material, but also by the characteristic dimensions of a conductor and do not necessarily correlate with the current distributions. Criteria for the similarity between temperature distributions in geometrically identical flat conductors are established.

Problems of allowing for physical processes in hysteresis electromechanical energy converters and the theory of these processes are considered. An approach is proposed to modeling and calculating these processes, creating new mathematical models of converters, and improving existing models. The adequacy of proposed calculating method and models of hysteresis electromechanical energy converters, and their adaptation to solving design problems of controlled electric drives based on such energy converters, are analyzed.