Application of TiO2 Nanoparticles Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for the Determination of Vitamin B2

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In the present work, a modified carbon paste electrode was fabricated by grinding the mixture of graphite powder and paraffin oil (as a binder) with a sufficient amount of TiO₂ nanoparticles. The electrochemical behavior of vitamin B₂ (riboflavin) was investigated on the surface of the electrode using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The results showed that the electrochemical response of riboflavin was improved considerably at the modified electrode comparing to the unmodified electrode. Effects of TiO₂ percentage, pH value, pulse time, and pulse amplitude were optimized using DPV technique. Under the optimized conditions, a linear dynamic range of 2.4 × 10^–6 to 2.4 × 10^–4 M with the detection limit of 1.6 × 10^–6 M for vitamin B₂ was obtained. The effects of some common interferences were examined, and the method was successfully employed to the detection of riboflavin in pharmaceutical formulations.