Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Drop for Isolation and Determination of Opium Alkaloids

Abstract

Abstract—In this study, a simple, rapid and sensitive method for determination of opium alkaloids in urine and hair samples was developed. The method is based on the combination of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction–solidified floating organic drop and high-performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet detection. The extraction of opium alkaloids was influenced by various parameters such as nature and volume of extraction solvent and dispersive solvent, sample pH and volume. At optimum conditions and preconcentration from 10 mL, the detection limits of 17 and 10 µg/L, linear dynamic ranges of 50–1170 and 20–2340 µg/L and relative standard deviations of 1.5 and 4.6% (n = 6) at 600 µg/L were obtained for morphine and codeine, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the determination of morphine and codeine in urine and hair samples.