Determination of sulfur-containing anions in alkaline solutions using arrays of DP-sensors based on hybrid perfluorinated membranes with proton-donor dopants

Abstract

The influence of proton-donor properties and concentration of dopant nanoparticles introduced into Nafion and MF-4SС perfluorosulfonic cation-exchange membranes on the characteristics of cross-sensitive DP-sensors (sensors whose analytical signal is the Donnan potential) in alkaline solutions of sulfur-containing organic compounds were studied. The dopants were acid salts of heteropoly acids (HPAs) and hydrated silica SiO₂ and zirconia ZrO₂ surface-modified with sulfur-containing groups and an acid HPA salt. A correlation was revealed between the DP-sensor sensitivity to anions (and zwitter-ions) in alkaline solutions, size and proton-donor ability of the added particles, and diffusion permeability of hybrid membranes. Optimum compositions of membranes for arrays of cross-sensitive DP-sensors ensuring the simultaneous determination of cations and anions (and zwitter-ions) in the test solutions with an error of less than 18% were selected.