Diabetic neuropathies

Diabetic neuropathies (DN) are among the most frequent and serious complications of diabetes [5–7, 9]. The detection rate of DN in diabetic patients varies greatly depending on their type, selected clinical and instrumental diagnostic criteria and, according to various researchers, ranges from 10 to 90% [16, 33]. At the same time, 1/3 of the polyneuropathies recognized in the neurological clinic are diabetic. In about 10% of cases, neuropathic symptoms are key in the diagnosis of diabetes [25]. DN has not only severe subjective manifestations and pronounced impairments that are objectively detected in them, but also leads to the development of diabetic foot syndrome - the cause of 50 - 70% of cases of all non-traumatic amputations of the legs [3]. In addition, in patients with diabetic visceral autonomic neuropathy, the syndrome of "sudden death" is much more common, and the frequency of painless myocardial infarctions and ischemic strokes is high. Clinical variants of DN are often the main causes of reduced quality of life, disability and disability in patients with diabetes mellitus. It is extremely important to diagnose the early stage of DN, when it is easier to achieve a therapeutic effect through the earliest and most stable provision of optimal control of an adequate level of glycemia and the appointment of means of pathogenetic therapy. Isolation of forms of DN, their diagnosis, treatment and prevention is an urgent clinical task.