Survival and risk factors for premature mortality in patients with parkinson’s disease

Aim.  To assess the survival rate and risk factors for premature mortality in patients with Parkinson’s disease in Baku.

Material and research methods. The observation was carried out retrospectively, information was collected on all patients (110 patients) in whom the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease was first established in 2009–2010. These patients are provided with drugs free of charge, which made it possible to provide them with diagnostic monitoring in polyclinics. During 2010–2019, 94 patients with a diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease died. All medical death certificates were selected for analysis. The diagnoses in column “a” of these documents were accepted as direct causes of death, regardless of the presence or absence of a causal relationship of these diagnoses with Parkinson’s disease. Therefore, the reported cases were interpreted not as death due to Parkinson’s disease, but as the death of a patient diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease.

Results. Noteworthy is the prevalence of men (72.7%) and people without dementia (70.9%) among patients. Within 10 years, 85.5% of patients died from various causes. The immediate causes of death were acute cerebrovascular accidents (36.2%) and acute myocardial infarction (24.5%). The annual survival rate of the observed patients was high (94%; 95% confidence interval 51–100%). The five-year survival rate is 76% (95% confidence interval 42–100%).

Conclusions. (1) The survival rate of patients with Parkinson’s disease within 10 years after the onset of signs ranges from 0.94 to 0.41 (five-year survival rate is 0.76). (2) The immediate causes of mortality in patients with Parkinson’s disease were cerebrovascular accidents (36.2%), myocardial infarction (24.5%), pulmonary embolism (11.7%), pneumonia (10.6%) and others (17%). (3) The effect of age of onset and signs of Parkinson’s disease, gender, comorbidity and dementia on survival is statistically significant (p <0.05).