Influence of Interval Hypoxic Training in Different Regimes on the Blood Parameters of Rats

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Abstract

The development of ways to increase the adaptive reserves of the body and resistance to negative factors continues to be an urgent problem for physiology, which has a significant translational potential in the fields of healthcare, sports, cosmonautics and the national economy. Long-term authors studies have proved the promise in this respect of hypoxic hypobaric conditioning in a pressure chamber. In the present study, the principles of hypobaric conditioning were transferred to the model of normobaric intermittent hypoxia/normoxia caused by the inhalation of gas mixtures, which is widely used in practice for human interval hypoxic training. A comparative experimental analysis of molecular and cellular changes in the blood of rats in response to three-day interval hypoxic training at 9, 12, or 16% O2 in the mixture was carried out using an automated setup. It was shown that the most intense and effective 3 × 9% O2 regimen, in terms of duration and amplitude, had the greatest effect on the parameters of the clinical blood test of rats, initiating an increase in the number of erythrocytes and a decrease in the variability of their volumes, and causing a shift in the balance of lymphokine and monokine effects towards a calm activation reaction. On the first day after training at 9 and 12% oxygen, the total antioxidant capacity of serum significantly decreased, followed by rapid normalization, which fits into the dynamics of the reaction of pro- and antioxidant systems to non-damaging hypoxia. The stimulating effect of all the studied regimens of interval training on the basal and stress activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system, characteristic of conditioning, was revealed. All detected post-training changes can be attributed to the basic adaptive mechanisms that increase resistance to adverse factors.

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About the authors

K. A. Baranova

Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: rybnikovaea@infran.ru
Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

M. Y. Zenko

Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: rybnikovaea@infran.ru
Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

E. A. Rybnikova

Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: rybnikovaea@infran.ru
Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig.1. The effect of IHT in various modes on the parameters of the general blood test of rats 24 hours after the end of training. (a) - total white blood cell count (WBC), 10⁹ cells/l; (b) - lymphocyte count, 10⁹/l; (c) - number of monocytes, 10⁹/l; (d) - red blood cell count (RBC), 1012/l; (e) - hemoglobin concentration, g/l; (f) – standard deviation of erythrocyte distribution width (RDW-SD), femtoliters. (g) - examples of histograms of distribution of red blood cells (RBC) by size, fl. Control – control intact animals; 3 × 9% O₂, 3 × 12% O₂, and 3 × 16% O₂—groups of rats exposed to IHT at 9, 12, or 16% oxygen levels, respectively.

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3. Fig.2. Dynamics of changes in the cellular formula of the blood on the 1st, 3rd and 6th day after IHT in the mode of 3 × 9% O₂ (a-g) and the total antioxidant capacity of serum after IHT at 9, 12 and 16% oxygen (f). (a) ‒ total white blood cell count (WBC), 10⁹ cells/L. (b) - the proportion of lymphocytes from the total number of leukocytes, %. (c) – relative percentage of monocytes, %. (d) - red blood cell count (RBC), 10¹²/l. (e) – hemoglobin concentration, g/l. (f) – coefficient of variation of erythrocyte distribution width (RDW-CV), %. (g) – histograms of erythrocyte distribution, fl. (h) - total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of blood serum in Trolox equivalent, mmol/l. Designations: White bars - Control, control group that did not undergo IHT; gray - 3 × 9% O₂, IHT group at an oxygen level of 9%; hatched - 3 × 12% O₂, rats trained at 12% oxygenation; black - 3 × 16% O₂, the oxygen content in the mixture for IHT animals was 16%.

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4. Fig.3. Effect of IHT on basal (a) and stress (b) levels of corticosterone in blood serum. The x-axis is days after the last IHT session (a) or minutes from the onset of procedural stress (b); the ordinate is the serum corticosterone content, nmol/l. Other designations are as in Fig. 2.

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