Three types of olivine crystal size distribution in dunites from the Yoko-Dovyren layered massif as signals of their different crystallization history

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Abstract

Crystal size distributions (CSD) of olivine were obtained for 17 samples of plagiodunite and Pl-bearing dunite from the central part of the Yoko-Dovyren massif, northern Baikal region, Russia. Three types of CSD were identified: loglinear, bimodal, and lognormal. Combining these data with the results of petrological reconstructions, which earlier revealed two main types of the Dovyren magmas (using the method of geochemical thermometry), we proposed a basic scenario of interaction between magmatic suspensions of different temperature to explain the diversity of the CSD. The intratelluric olivine transported by magmas of different temperature, which had not subjected to abrupt cooling or heating in the chamber, retained an original loglinear CSD. For some portions of the hottest magma (~1290°C), it is assumed that the original olivine evolved into a bimodal CSD due to accelerated crystallization at faster cooling of the hightemperature injections contacting relatively cold crystal mush (~1190°C). An interpretation of the lognormal CSD suggests that part of the olivine crystals composing the protocumulate systems efficiently interacted with the pore melt infiltrating upward during the compaction of the underlying crystal mush. This led to cycles of partial dissolution and regrowth of the olivine grains resulting in a final lognormal CSD. The infiltrating hot melt, which was undersaturated with immiscible sulfide liquid, could dissolve sulfides preexisting in the lowtemperature mush. This produced dunites with lognormal CSD relatively depleted in sulfur and chalcophile elements. The lognormal CSD is considered to be a marker of crystal mush regions through which the focused infiltration of the pore melt proceeded.

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About the authors

S. N. Sobolev

Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: ssn_collection@bk.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

A. A. Ariskin

Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow State University

Email: ssn_collection@bk.ru

Faculty of Geology

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

G. S. Nikolaev

Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: ssn_collection@bk.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

I. V. Pshenitsyn

Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: ssn_collection@bk.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. (a) Simplified geological scheme of the Yoko-Dovyren massif, after (Ariskin et al., 2018). The names of the three main sections are shown in bold. The inset (b) shows the locations of sampling points, including samples classified without instrumental determination of CSD, but visually and based on geochemical data (Ariskin et al., 2018) assigned by us to one of the three types. The ruler is plotted from the lower contact of the massif. (c) Characteristic slope of the Bolshoy Creek valley, where the lower part of the dunite section is exposed. It is evident that the outcrop, although primary, is not continuous. (d) Satellite image with massif contours.

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3. Fig. 2. (a) sample 09DV501-40 – mesocumulate dunite with loglinear CSD; (b) sample 09DV501-59 – mesocumulate dunite with bimodal CSD. Elongated olivine crystals are outlined in red; (c) sample 09DV501-37 – mesocumulate dunite with lognormal CSD. Blue arrows in (b, c) mark polyphase inclusions in olivine cores. (d) sample 07DV124-17b – dunite close to adcumulate, with bimodal CSD, notably containing elongated olivine oriented according to foliation. Subgrain boundaries are clearly visible (red arrows); (e) sample 07DV124-12 – dunite mesocumulate with lognormal CSD, locally characteristic adcumulate olivine grain boundaries are present (yellow arrows); (e) sample 13DV547-1 – plagiolherzolite orthocumulate with poikilitic orthopyroxene; (g) sample 09DV501-7 – plagiolherzolite orthocumulate with elongated olivine. Scale bar – 1 mm.

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4. Fig. 3. (a) MgO–FeO diagram illustrating the position of rocks relative to pure stoichiometric olivine. The green line is the mixing trend of the model high-temperature melt and Fo88, the pink line is the same for the low-temperature liquid and Fo86 (Ariskin et al., 2018); in (b) and (c) a direct correlation is visible, controlled by the ratio of olivine and intercumulus minerals. The absence of grouping of rocks of different structural types is important.

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5. Fig. 4. Size distribution of olivine crystals: L is the linear size (the major axis of the ellipsoid), PD is the population density. (a), (b), (c) are log-linear, bimodal, and log-normal CSD, respectively. The graphs are constructed with a stereological transformation with the same ellipsoid parameters (1 : 1.2 : 1.5); (d), (d), (e) are constructed with a stereological transformation with the ellipsoid parameters selected in each case individually to match the calculated and actual volume fractions of olivine. Each CSD type is illustrated by insets with thin-section images of typical samples; the inset sizes are 1 × 1 cm.

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6. Fig. 5. CSD of olivine and geochemical diagrams for the total contents in rocks (V, Cr, PGE, Cu, Ni, S and Zr), the SCSS value was calculated in the COMAGMAT-5.3 program.

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7. Fig. 6. Schematic scenario of the formation of the lower part of the Yoko-Dovyren massif section with the formation of hidden layering and three types of olivine CSD. Several stages of evolution are shown: t1 – intrusion of a colder portion (Fo86) of magma with a log-linear CSD between the crystalline mush and the crystal-poor main volume of magma in the chamber, when the compaction of the mush has not yet begun; t2 – intrusion of a hotter portion (Fo88) with a log-linear CSD, when crystallization accelerates at its base and roof and a bimodal CSD is formed, compaction begins in the mush; t3 – intrusion of the next hot portion. Compaction occurs in the mush, heterogeneous in temperature and composition, in the cold volumes of the mush, at the site of filtration of hot pore melt, dissolution of olivine, chromite and sulfides occurs. The modern section shows the position of points with three types of CSD and the observed amount of olivine (φ) calculated from the Zr content. The layering by Fo and the porosity estimate are based on geochemical data for the Bolshoy-Tsentralny section (Ariskin et al., 2018) with slight simplifications.

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