卷 94, 编号 4 (2024)

On April 9, 2024, on the eve of Cosmonautics Day, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences L.M. Zeleny, laureate of the K.E. Tsiolkovsky 2023, spoke at a meeting of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences with a brief message, which is brought to the attention of readers of the journal “Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences”.

The article examines the domestic trends in the use of aquatic biological resources for more than a century. Until the early 1950s, inland waters, primarily the Caspian and Azov Seas, played a key role. Total catch volumes did not exceed 2 million tons. Anthropogenic impact has led to global negative changes in the ecosystems of the south seas of our country. The fishery importance of inland reservoirs has significantly decreased. The active development of oceanic fishing in the 1960s and 1980s made it possible to increase the volume of extraction of aquatic biological resources to 10−11 million tons. Starting in 2018 Access to the use of aquatic biological resources largely depends on the involvement of domestic industrial companies in the construction of new ships at Russian shipyards. The proven reserves of even traditionally mined hydrobionts make it possible to fully ensure the fishing capacities of all vessels currently under construction and under design. The contribution of commercial fish farming to the total production of domestic fish products in the foreseeable future, apparently, will not exceed 10%.

The article examines the environmental consequences of the construction and operation of reservoirs – the responses of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and their components to changes in the water regime. Such reactions depend on the surrounding landscape and are zonally specific. They are especially pronounced in the steppe zone. The authors systematized the consequences, natural and anthropogenic factors determining their evolution, measures to minimize negative environmental consequences that can be traced from the upper reaches of the reservoir to the reservoir – receiver of the river flow, where it is built. In particular, the decrease in bioproductivity and biodiversity caused the problem of reservoir drainage. As a result of lengthy discussions, an opinion has been formed that the descent of small reservoirs, which have lost their importance, as well as orphan ones, is currently environmentally justified. At the same time, it is necessary to carry out special hydro-reclamation and phytomeliorative measures aimed at stabilizing the hydrological and ecological situation.

Using the original approach developed in recent years – supramolecular physics of the environment, the results of considering the contribution of physical optics processes to the formation of induced microwave radiation are presented.The two most powerful cosmic thermal sources: the background (relict) flux in the absolute millimeter maximum of the spectrum, and the mm-wave radio flux from Sun are considered. The postulate of A. Einstein about the emergence of an induced emission quantum in a medium with established thermal equilibrium is taken into account. This made it possible to quantitatively substantiate, based on the principles of the similarity theory of G.S. Golitsyn, a scheme for the use of microwave energy of the interstellar/interplanetary medium during space flights. Based on the physics of collisions, in the proton transfer reaction of the main simple hydrides in interstellar/interplanetary molecular clouds, it is proposed to take into account the possibility of the manifestation of an additional channel for the maser effect in such a medium (first considered by V.A. Ambartsumian in 1979) due to the close location of electronically excited Rydberg levels for molecules in these clouds. The pioneering work of N.S. Kardashev on the study of Rydberg transitions during the emission of recombination radio lines was taken into account. Due to the efforts of astronomers from the Lebedev Physical Institute and the State Astronomical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences (at Pulkovo), this work led to the discovery of the microwave flux from deep space objects. Real energy and schemes for using a microwave quantum propulsor device with the ability to choose the direction of flights are discussed.

The article is dedicated to the life and work of a theoretical physicist and mathematician, a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences and RAS L.D. Faddeev (1934−2017), the formation of his scientific school. Faddeev’s works on scattering theory, quantum field theory, classical and quantum theory of integrable systems were included in the golden fund of world science and largely determined the face of modern mathematical physics. The author of the article is an employee of the Laboratory of Mathematical Problems of Physics created by L.D. Faddeev at the St. Petersburg Department of the V.A. Steklov Mathematical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences since its foundation.

At the beginning of the 2020s, the formation of a new world order became obvious. In parallel, there are two large-scale processes. One of them is a partial reformatting of connections within camps of Western democracies, the other is the emergence of a community of a number of states outside the West. The emergence of this commonality presupposes a noticeable increase in cooperation of the armed forces between interested players.

Here it becomes necessary to use experience of functioning of specialized structures without the participation of Western countries. Studying the experience allows us to take into account a number of schemes that have proved their effectiveness and usefulness, primarily developed under the auspices of the Warsaw Pact Organization. Their wasps thinking is becoming especially in demand in the context of a noticeable tightening of the Western approach to contain opponents – Russia, China, Iran.

The article points out the limited attention to the internal affairs of domestic historiography and political science, despite the obvious value of the experience of functioning of this organization. The author notes that a significant part of the gaps in the study of the strategy and practice of internal affairs can be filled by the fundamental work “Organization of the Warsaw Pact. 1955–1991. Story. Strategy. Policy”, prepared by a team of authors under the leadership of V.A. Zolotarev.

Ed. Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences P.Ya. Baklanov, Doctor of Geographical Sciences A.V. Moshkov. Vladivostok: TIG FEB RAS, 2023. 449 p.