Vol 93, No 12 (2023)

The paper provides an analysis of the current state of the world economy and a short-term forecast of its development. It is shown that the USA and the EU have become the epicenter of a new financial and economic crisis and today their economies are already in a state of stagflation, characterized by high inflation and low growth rates. The tightening of monetary policy, through aggressive increases in key interest rates by the Federal Reserve and the ECB, to curb inflation and reduce it to the target level of 2% per annum, led to a sharp reduction in investment in the economy, which, in turn, will cause recessions in 2024 with a recession depth of 1.2–1.4% in the US economy and 1.9–2.1% in the EU economy. Vanguard developing countries will only slow down slightly, and their leaders, China and India, will maintain high rates of economic growth at 4.5 and 6% per year, respectively, in the medium term. The crisis will lead to a cascade of defaults among heavily indebted, low-income developing countries. As a result, the crisis will also engulf the global economy, significantly reducing its growth rate from 5.2% in 2022 to 1.7% in 2024, with a sharp decline in global trade volumes. Recommendations are given that can contribute to a quick and successful exit from the current crisis.

In the last 15 years, in the south of the European part of Russia, including in the Sea of Azov region, there has been a period of low water associated with a decrease of river flow. This leads to a number of negative consequences for the population of the region, agriculture, inland navigation, and transformations of the ecosystems of the Sea of Azov. The article discusses a retrospective analysis of changing of climate and watering of the territory during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene, based both on the results of paleogeographic studies and on archival and historical data. It is shown that changes in environmental parameters, including the amount of precipitation, on which the full flow of the Don river depends, is cyclical. Currently, there is a cycle associated with a significant decrease of the annual precipitation amount and an increase in average annual temperatures.

Long-term climatic changes have led to a decrease in the water content of a number of Russian rivers. In the pool of R. The Don phase of low water content has been going on since 2007. In addition, due to climate warming, significant fluctuations in the intra-annual hydrological regime are observed. The climatic situation and high anthropogenic pressure on water resources complicate the conditions for the development of irrigated agriculture. At the same time, there is an obvious need to increase the area of irrigated land on the Lower Don. The authors of the article propose a number of measures that contribute to the effective development of the Nizhny Don water management complex against the background of water scarcity. The possibility of replenishing the flow of the Don River is considered. In the conditions of the Azov-Don basin, a geoinformation web-based decision support system for integrated management of the reclamation and water management complex developed at the Federal Scientific Center for Hydraulic Engineering and Melioration named after A.N. Kostyakov can be used. The proposed hydrodynamic model of the Lower Don can be used in order to form optimal modes of operation of the Tsimlyansk hydroelectric complex in the interests of agricultural and fisheries water users.

In countries, such as the United States, China, India, France, Israel and many others, solid-propellant rocket engine technologies are used not only in military missiles, but also in launch vehicles of the rocket and space industry. Such an approach of dual application of technologies makes it possible to introduce and develop new innovative solutions to increase the degree of unification of related technologies. One of the most important factors influencing the efficiency of using solid propellant rocket engines in space programs is the cost of solid rocket propellants and propulsion system components. For this reason, a high degree of unification of solid fuel products for various purposes is aimed at ensuring a high utilization of the industry’s production capacities, which can significantly reduce prices for materials, fuel and the design of propulsion systems as a whole. The analysis confirmed that the creation of launch vehicles based on rocket engines of solid fuel for military missiles naturally leads to a reduction in the time and costs for the development of such products, a reduction in technical risks and an increase in the reliability of the technologies used.

According to Beijing, its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) provides an inclusive platform for cooperation between participating countries in order to build an open and comprehensive architecture of international relations. The BRI’s extension to Latin America and the Caribbean in 2018 is one of the evidences of its success.

The article analyzes Argentina’s entry into the BRI in the context of Sino-Argentine relations in 2018–2021 and the main reasons for signing of the Memorandum of Understanding on the BRI in February 2022. Particular attention is paid to the reaction to this event within Argentina and abroad, as well as the impact of the participation in the initiative on Sino-Argentine relations and the implementation of the BRI in the Latin American region. The possible ways of further development of the situation are predicted.

The article is devoted to the activities of the outstanding Russian physiologist, creator of the theory of the functional system, one of the founders of biological cybernetics, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences and the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences P.K. Anokhin during the Great Patriotic War. During the War, P.K. Anokhin worked as a neurosurgeon, operated and consulted the wounded soldiers, introduced into medical practice the method of transplanting a formalinized nerve proposed by him, as well as methods for diagnosing of military injuries of nerve trunks and treating causalgic pain, which allowed many wounded soldiers to return their health. At the same time, P.K. Anokhin conducted research on the physiological mechanisms of the pathogenesis of nerve lesions in military trauma, carried out active pedagogical and organizational activities.

The book by S.N. Lyutov and N.S. Lisovskaya Scientific Journals of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Sixty-five Years of History is reviewed.

D.M. Klimov and Holm Altenbach (Germany) were awarded the 2023 Lomonosov Grand Gold Medal of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

A number of young scientists were awarded medals of the Russian Academy of Sciences with bonuses of 50 000 rubles each; university students were awarded medals of the Russian Academy of Sciences with bonuses of 25 000 rubles each.

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