Том 94, № 2 (2024)

The Russian economy has entered the stage of structural and technological restructuring. Despite the many problems facing country, improving the quality of life remains an absolute priority. This issue is complex and involves a set of targeted actions in the field of demography, health, education, labor market regulation, and social policy. The large-scale structural shift that has occurred in the Russian economy under the influence of sanctions has demonstrated possible directions for the transformation of the domestic labor market. The increase in the level of wages at existing facilities allows us to count on the use of existing low-capital-intensive solutions for the modernization of production facilities. At the same time, the requirements for technological solutions in industry are increasing, which should be based on low-labor-intensive technologies. An important tool for coordinating supply and demand in the labor market should be its forecast, which ensures that the parameters of economic development are coordinated with the requirements for training personnel in the sectoral, professional, qualification and regional context. Ensuring decision-making to improve the quality and standard of living of the population requires appropriate expert support, in which the RAS can play a significant role.

Based on long-term monitoring of the social well-being of Russians, the conditions and factors that determine subjective well-being are analyzed. It is argued that not only objective indicators of social well-being and its various components, but also their subjective perception are becoming one of the most important intangible factors in the development of modern Russian society. The basic needs of Russians, self-esteem of various aspects of life, factors for improving the socio-economic situation, stratification of Russian society by income and other indicators that determine social well-being are assessed. Particular attention is paid to socio-economic inequality as an important factor in the health of society.

The article is based on a report that the author delivered at a meeting of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences on October 31, 2023.

The development of chemical science traces its roots back to the creation of the Chemical laboratory of the Academy of Sciences. Prominent scientists have worked here, advanced research has been carried out, lectures and courses have been given. It has seen a lot of leaders, either successful or uninitiative, against all odds proving its significance for domestic science. It was on the basis of the chemical laboratory of the Academy of Sciences that the Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences was subsequently founded.

The Indian economy is one of the most rapidly growing in the world. In terms of gross domestic product (GDP) at purchasing power parity PPP) at current prices, India ranks third in the world, after China and the United States. Among the key areas of economic development in India are the oil and gas extraction and processing industries. The country relies heavily on fossil resources, especially oil and gas, for its energy needs. Energy cooperation between India and Russia is steadily developing, with important joint oil and gas projects being implemented. ,Our country exports various types of raw materials to India, except for pipeline natural gas. According to the Ministry of Commerce and Industry of India(MCII),in 2022 oil imports from Russia totaled 31.45 milliontonnes, which was 8.59 times more than in 2021. Russian petroleum products in the form of 3.8 million tones were supplied, with 2.1 more tones than in 2021, of which more than 70% were fuel oil. India is also one of the largest consumers of Russian coal and liquefied natural gas (LNG). In 2022, the country in question imported approximately 18 million tones of Russian coal, which is 205.6% more than in 2021, and 0.41 million tones of LNG, which corresponds to the level for 2021. Russia is keen to increase exports of raw materials to India, as a result of sanctions imposed on Russian firms and the need for diversification of supplies. Cooperation with Indian partners presents a particular opportunity for Russia.

After the ratification in 2022 of the treaties on the entry of the Donetsk and Lugansk People’s Republics, the Kherson and Zaporozhye regions into the Russian Federation, the most important problem becomes the integration of new territories into the legal, economic, social, scientific and environmental field of our country, including the territorial nature conservation. It cannot be said that over the 30 years during which these regions developed separately from Russia, this direction of environmental activity has changed radically. Moreover, before the separation of Ukraine from Russia in 1991, it was here that the formation of the domestic nature reserve business took place for more than 100 years and its scientific foundations were laid. Through the works of V.V. Dokuchaev, G.N. Tanfilyev, A.N. Krasnov, I.K. Pachosky, E.M. Lavrenko and other naturalists, the Russian school of studying and preserving veldt was being formed, and the practical application of this knowledge for rational agriculture, forestry and water management in the veldt zone was held.

In 2022, it will be 130 years since Professor V.V. Dokuchaev and corresponding member, Lieutenant General A.A. Tillo organized in 1892–1898 a special expedition to test and take into account various methods and techniques of forestry and water management in the Russian veldt, which resulted in the development of protective afforestation, the widespread construction of ponds in the veldt regions, the formation of veldt reserves, the experimental station “Kamennaya Steppe” and a network of weather stations. The main arena for the implementation of these plans at the end of the 19th century this is exactly what the current “new territories” have become. The authors of the article are interested in the problems of integration into Russian reality of the network of specially protected natural areas (SPNA) that has developed in the interfluve of the Dnepr and Don for more than 120 years. At the First All-Russian Dokuchaev Conference on the rehabilitation of lands in the region affected by military operations, held on November 9–10, 2023 in Rostov-on-Don, a decision was made to create a “White Book” of environmental crimes, many of which were committed against federal and regional protected areas.

The history of the study of tectonics, lithology and stratigraphy of the World Ocean by the Geological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (GIN RAS) can be divided into three stages. During the first period (until 1985), without having its own vessel, the institute from time to time sent individual employees on expeditions of the Institute of Oceanology of the USSR Academy of Sciences on research vessels.

The second stage of expeditionary activity of the GIN RAS (1985–2016) was associated with the R/V “Akademik Nikolaj Strakhov”. It carried out geological and geophysical studies of transform faults, mid-ocean ridges, deep-sea basins and other objects: in the equatorial part of the Atlantic Ocean (15 cruises), in the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean (2 cruises), in the Levantine, Alboran and Tyrrhenian seas (5 cruises), in the Antarctic waters (2 cruises), in the Norwegian, Greenland and Barents seas (5 cruises) and in the Indian Ocean (2 cruises).

On July 1, 2016, the R/V “Akademik Nikolaj Strakhov” was transferred to the The Center for Collective Use “Scientific Fleet of IO RAS” at the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. From this time on, the third stage began in the research of the GIN RAS of the geology of the World Ocean. It included work in the Atlantic Ocean (4 cruises), as well as four cruises in the Barents, Kara and Laptev shelf seas.