Vol 59, No 1 (2016)
- Year: 2016
- Articles: 19
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/0543-1972/issue/view/15301
State Standards
General Problems of Metrology and Measurement Technique
Method for Qualification Testing of Satellite-Communication Earth Stations
Abstract
A method for qualification testing of satellite-communication earth stations is examined which provides parallel processing of data arriving from measurement equipment and an onboard relay system in a spacecraft. Results of tests of the time delay in the system response to operator inquiries as a function of the number of organized work sites are described.
Article
Precision of Time Conversion of the Linear Dimensions of a Part in a Pneumatic Measuring Device with Variable Output Throttle
Abstract
A new pneumatic measuring device that implements a conversion of the linear dimension of a part into the length of time it takes to empty a measurement chamber, with discharge through an output throttle, is considered. The area of the flow section of the throttle is related to the dimension of the part. An analytic model to estimate the speed and error of such a device, which amounts to ±0.5 μm in the range 30−300 μm with length of the measurement cycle less than 0.5 sec, is proposed.
Adjustment and Calibration Technique for a Solar Simulator Based on Measuring the Parameters of Multipass Thin-Film Photoelectric Modules
Abstract
A technique for adjusting a solar simulator using a combination two-channel radiation source is examined and the uncertainty in the calibration of the simulator is evaluated. The calibration procedure is based on the irradiance and the spectral irradiance of two standard photoelectric modules.
Method for Reproducing and Transmitting Temperature Units Using Fixed Points in Miniature Ampoules
Abstract
A procedure is proposed and experimentally verified for determining the metrological characteristics of temperature calibrators using the fixed point of indium solidification in a miniature ampoule with the aid of a multi-junction differential thermocouple. The procedure allows calibrator-reproducible temperature-value errors to be determined, along with calibrator nonuniformity and instability.
Analysis of the Shape of Acoustic Signal Frequency Responses While Determining Absolute Temperature
Abstract
Acoustic signal frequency dependences were measured and theoretically calculated. A comparative analysis was carried out for measured (approximated using the Lorentzian function) and theoretically calculated dependences. It was shown that the difference between the shape of the maximum for the theoretically calculated frequency dependence and that of the conventional approximating function results in a shift of up to 1 mK in the measured absolute temperature.
Measurement of High-Density Heat Flux Using an Automated Installation
Abstract
Problems are examined of measuring high-density heat flux that occurs in fire modeling. Ways and means of measuring heat flux are analyzed and the shortcomings of existing solutions are identified. A diagram for a device and a method for its calibration are proposed.
Study of the Inner Phase Interface Structure in an Indium Freezing Fixed Point Cell
Abstract
Methods are considered for initiation of the inner interface between metal liquid and solid phases. The dependence of structure and temperature in an indium fixed point cell on initiation method is studied. Estimates are obtained for the density of heat flow with different inner boundary initiation methods. Optimum initiation conditions are determined in order to exclude undesirable thermal connections between a thermometer channel and cell walls.
Study of the Properties of High-Sensitivity Thermally-Stable Thin-Film Resistance Strain Gauges for Integral Pressure Sensors
Abstract
The operating principle and major causes of instability in strain-gauge pressure sensors under severe service conditions are discussed. New designs and technologies are proposed for high-sensitivity, thermally-stable, resistance strain gauges employing new materials. Technologies for increasing the stability of the parameters of these sensors are described.
Effect of Errors in Specifying External Working Parameters on the Accuracy of Temperature Measurements with Infrared Instruments
Abstract
The parametric errors in temperature measurements with infrared instruments owing to inaccurate specification of external parameters are discussed. These parameters are the emissivity of the object, the transmission coefficient of air, and the temperatures of the air and of the background reflected radiation. The dependence of the measurement error on the external parameters and on the measured temperature is shown for wavelength bands of 8.0–14.0 and 1.0–1.6 μm.
Measurements in Information Technologies
The Use of Error-Correcting Codes in Displacement Transducers with Combinatorial Scales
Abstract
We pose and solve the problem of using linear cyclic error-correcting codes in angular and linear displacement transducers with combinatorial code scales. It is shown that the formation of error-correcting codes can only be achieved by introducing redundancy in the number of reader elements without additional code tracks.
Linear and Angular Measurements
An Optoelectronic Method of Contactless Measurement of the Profile of the Surface of Large Complexly Shaped Objects
Abstract
A new optoelectronic method of contactless measurement of the profile of the surface of large complexly shaped objects distinguished by a high degree of reliability and resistance to variations in the optical properties of the surface of objects over a broad range and to additive noise in the images is proposed. The method utilizes structurized illumination, phase triangulation, and identification of phase images with stepwise shift.
Mass Measurements
Verification of Continuous Multichannel Belt-Conveyor Weighers
Abstract
Designs of multichannel belt-conveyor weighers are considered. A technique for verification of such weighers using a reference load is presented. It is shown that in the course of inspection multichannel belt-conveyor weighers may be represented by a combination of two-channel weighers without halting the technological process.
Optophysical Measurements
Development of a Diamond Ultraviolet Photodetector
Abstract
A diamond-based single-element ultraviolet photodetector that may be used in spectrophotometric equipment is developed. The characteristics of the spectral sensitivity of the detector as a function of the applied voltage are presented. The capabilities gained from the use of similar devices for systems used in the analysis of the composition of multicomponent mixtures are considered.
Thermal Measurements
Reduction of Measurement Uncertainty by Taking into Account Correlation in Measurements and Temperature Scale Realization
Abstract
There are multiple ways to increase the accuracy of temperature measurement by reducing uncertainties of temperature scale realization by means of standard platinum resistance thermometers (SPRT) calibrated at the defining fixed points (DFPs). This paper demonstrates the possibility of reducing uncertainty of temperature scale realization by taking into account correlations between the SPRT resistances at the DFPs in calibration and temperature measurements. The BIPM document Uncertainties in the Realisation of the SPRT Subranges of the ITS-90 issued in 2009 provides an overview of the different approaches. In most cases, SPRT resistances at DFPs were considered as uncorrelated. Only correlations caused by using the same SPRT resistance at the triple point of water (TPW) in calibration and temperature measurement were taken into account. Furthermore SPRT resistances at the DFPs can be correlated with respect to some of the same conditions in the laboratory for SPRT resistances measured at the DFPs. This paper demonstrates that the uncertainty of temperature scale ITS-90 realization is unaffected by errors originating form SPRT calibration and temperature measurements when all the measured resistances are measured with the same error. Furthermore, it is shown that the use of correlation can reduce the uncertainty of temperature scale realization, and dealing with this problem will bring improvement in the field of uncertainty evaluation. Formulas for the calculation of uncertainties of temperature scale realization are presented, together with the correlation between SPRT resistances and simulations that show the impact of correlation on the uncertainty of the temperature scale realization.
Radio Measurements
New Algorithm for Modeling the Video Signal of a Scanning Electron Microscope
Abstract
We present the fundamentals of the physical processes of forming the video signal in a scanning electron microscope. We have produced a new library algorithm for video modeling. Testing of the algorithm has shown its reasonable accuracy, detailed correspondence with video signal simulations of their experimental counterparts. Computation for a model signal of 500 points takes less than 1 second, which is many thousands of times faster than using the Monte Carlo method.
International Collaboration
Interlaboratory Comparisons of Hydrophone Calibration in the 3–500 kHz Frequency Range
Abstract
A method and results are described for international interlaboratory comparisons of hydroacoustic measurement reference standards. The comparison was organized by the National Institute of Ocean Technology, India, with the participation of reference standards from Germany and Russia. Data are presented on the reference standard installations of the comparison participants and the measurement methods used, and the impact of water temperature on comparison results during calibration is discussed.