Cellular proteins as potential targets for antiretroviral therapy

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The review article conducts an in-depth analysis of information gleaned from a comprehensive literature search across Scopus, Web of Science, and MedLine databases. The focal point of this search revolves around the identification and exploration of the mechanisms orchestrated by host cell factors in the replication cycle of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1, Retroviridae: Orthoretrovirinae: Lentivirus: Human immunodeficiency virus-1). The article delves into two primary categories of proteins, namely HIV dependence factors (such as CypA, LEDGF, TSG101) and restriction factors (including SERINС5, TRIM5α, APOBEC3G), providing illustrative examples. The current understanding of the functioning mechanisms of these proteins is elucidated, and an evaluation is presented on the potential development of drugs for treating HIV infection. These drugs aim to either inhibit or stimulate the activity of host factors, offering insights into promising avenues for future research and therapeutic advancements.

作者简介

Marina Bobkova

I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: mrbobkova@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5481-8957

Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Chief Researcher of the laboratory of biology of lentiviruses I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia

俄罗斯联邦, 105064, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. HIV life cycle. Figures 1–10 were created in the BioRender program (BioRender.com).

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3. Fig. 2. Stages of HIV entry into the cell.

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4. Fig. 3. Dependency (CypA) and restriction (TRIM5α) factors at the HIV decapsidation stage.

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5. Fig. 4. The restriction factors APOBEC3G and SAMHD1 at the HIV reverse transcription stage.

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6. Fig. 5. Involvement of nucleoporins in the translocation of the HIV pre-integration complex.

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7. Fig. 6. Integration of HIV proviral DNA.

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8. Fig. 7. Activity of host factors at the HIV transcription stage.

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9. Fig. 8. Splicing and nuclear export of HIV mRNAs.

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10. Fig. 9. Host cell factors at the HIV translation stage.

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11. Fig. 10. Assembly and budding of HIV viral particles.

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