Herpesvirus infections and immunological disturbances in patients with different stages of Alzheimer’s disease

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Introduction. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease that leads to a progressive memory loss, visualspatial impairments, emotional and personality changes. As its earliest pre-dementia clinical stage, amnestic mild cognitive impairment syndrome (aMCI) is currently considered. Neuroinflammation plays a role in the development and progression of aMCI and the initial stage of AD, which can be supported by immunological disorders of a systemic character. Study of factors, including infections, influencing immune disorders and systemic inflammatory response in patients with aMCI, is of great importance.
The aim of this study was to obtain new data on the possible role of herpesvirus infections in the development and progression of aMCI.
Material and methods. 100 patients with aMCI diagnosis, 45 patients with AD, 40 people from the control group were enrolled into the study. The frequency of DNA detection of herpesviruses (Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), human herpesviruses (HHV) type 6 and 7, cytomegalovirus (CMV)), the levels of viral load and the serological markers of herpesvirus infections (IgG to HHV-1, IgG to CMV) were determined. Immunological studies included an assessment of the level of the main pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and indicators of humoral and cellular immunity.
Results. The study found an increased detection rate of EBV in saliva and a higher level of EBV DNA in saliva in aMCI and AD than in the control group. A relationship between the presence of active EBV infection and changes in immunological parameters in patients with aMCI were found. It was also discovered that the level of IgG antibodies to CMV is associated with the stage of AD.
Discussion. The results indicate a possible role of EBV- and CMV-induced infections in the development of immunological changes which are typical for mild cognitive impairment and in the progression of AD.
Conclusion. The obtained data can be important for prognostic methods addressing AD development, including its pre-dementia stage, and for new approaches to individualized treatment and prevention.

作者简介

S. Krynskiy

NRC «Kurchatov Institute»

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: srgkr002@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4328-865X

Krynskiy Sergey Andreevich, Ph.D. (Med.), researcher. SPIN: 4465-0413

123182, Moscow
+7(499)1969539

俄罗斯联邦

I. Malashenkova

NRC «Kurchatov Institute»; FSBI «Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Physico-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency»

Email: malashenkova.irina@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3604-9098

Malashenkova Irina Konstantinovna, Ph.D. (Med.), head of the laboratory of molecular immunology and virology. SPIN: 4205-6010

123182, Moscow
119435, Moscow
8(916)935-73-09

俄罗斯联邦

D. Ogurtsov

NRC «Kurchatov Institute»; FSBI «Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Physico-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency»

Email: ogurtsovdp@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0257-4713

Ogurtsov Daniil Pavlovich, Ph.D. (Med.), researcher. SPIN: 7288-1161

123182, Moscow
119435, Moscow
+7(499)1969539

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N. Khailov

NRC «Kurchatov Institute»

Email: nik_khailov@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3693-285X

Khailov Nikita Anatolievich, Ph.D. (Med.), senior researcher. SPIN: 7926-9505

123182, Moscow
+7(499)1969539

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E. Chekulaeva

NRC «Kurchatov Institute»

Email: chekulaevakatarina@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2559-2132

Chekulaeva Ekaterina Igorevna, junior researcher

123182, Moscow
+7(499)1969539

俄罗斯联邦

O. Shipulina

FSBI «Central Research Institute for Epidemiology» of the Federal Service for Surveillance of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor)

Email: olga.shipulina@pcr.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4679-6772

Shipulina Ol’ga Yurievna, Ph.D. (Med.), head of the laboratory of molecular methods of diagnostics. SPIN: 9235-1239

111123, Moscow
+7(495)9749646

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E. Ponomareva

FSBSI «Mental Health Research Center»

Email: elena-pon@hotmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2835-5706

Ponomareva Elena Valerievna, Ph.D. (Med.), senior researcher. SPIN: 3933-6900

115522, Moscow
+7 (495)1090393

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S. Gavrilova

FSBSI «Mental Health Research Center»

Email: sigavrilova@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6683-0240

Gavrilova Svetlana Ivanovna, D.Sci. (Med.), professor, head of the department of geriatric psychiatry. Author ID: 113647

115522, Moscow
+7 (495)1090393

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N. Didkovsky

FSBI «Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Physico-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency»

Email: didkovskinic@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6567-5998

Didkovsky Nikolay Antonovich, D.Sci. (Med.), professor, head of the laboratory of clinical immunology. SPIN: 6146-5134

119435, Moscow
+7(499)2467721

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B. Velichkovsky

NRC «Kurchatov Institute»

Email: Boris.Velichkovsky@tu-dresden.de
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7823-0605

Velichkovsky Boris Mitrofanovich, D.Sci. (Psychol.), professor, head researcher

123182, Moscow
+7(499)1969539

俄罗斯联邦

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