The Role of Biotic and Abiotic Component of the Aquatic Ecosystems in the Formation of Ecological Trouble in Tsimlyansky and Manychsky Reservoirs

Resumo

The relative importance of indicators of biotic and abiotic components of water ecosystems of the Tsimlyansky and the Manychsky (Proletarian and Veselovsky) reservoirs in the process of formation of states of ecological trouble: “ecological stress,” “extraordinary ecological situation” and “ecological disaster,” provided by a number of existing normative and methodical documents is investigated. For this purpose, the shares of indicators as a percentage of their total number in the dynamics of negative changes in aquatic ecosystems were compared on the basis of long-term monitoring information of Roshydromet and data of own expeditionary investigation in reservoirs on hydrobiological, toxicological and physico-chemical indicators. The role of the biotic component increases as the state of the aquatic ecosystem deteriorates of the Tsimlyansky reservoir, on the contrary, decreases in the Manychsky it is established. The role of the abiotic component is great and similar in all reservoirs; it increases already in a state extraordinary ecological situation but in ecological disaster is somewhat reduced. It is concluded that the proposed new approach to the analysis of the role of biotic and abiotic components in the development of negative changes in the ecosystem opens up new opportunities in the study of the formation of water quality and the state of water bodies.