No 9 (2023)

The Chilean Revolution is one of the most important events in the Latin American history of the XXth century. Its defeat, its dramatic circumstances, and the brutality of the military regime's repression turned it into a symbolic event that marked the collapse of the illusions of a peaceful, democratic transition to socialism. The course of the revolution itself, the "Chilean path to socialism", the actions of various actors have been studied in numerous historical studies. In addition to Chilean actors, parties, politicians, and representatives of society, external political forces took part in this drama, indirectly and directly. One of these was the Soviet Union, which closely observed and analyzed the Chilean events. With the opening of the Soviet archives, documents became available that reveal many little-known or hidden subjects of the short but intense history of Unidad Popular in Chile. In this text, the author relies on the documents of the Central Committee of the CPSU, reflecting the vision of the Soviet authorities of the events of the Chilean revolution in the most dramatic period of its development, in the last year of the government of Salvador Allende, in 1973.

The article is devoted to the cultural policy pursued by the Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva during his term in power from 2003 to 2010. This phenomenon is considered in chronological order - respectively, at the first and second stages of Lula's reign. A brief historical excursus is preliminarily given and those traditions that were laid down in this area at previous historical stages are succinctly characterized. A fundamentally different approach to cultural policy is emphasized, which was proclaimed one of the priority areas for the new president and his cabinet of ministers in line with the country's democratization processes. Particular attention is paid to the role of the Ministry of Culture in the implementation of those tasks and areas of activity that had to be solved within the framework of the new concept of cultural policy. formulated by the Head of State and Minister of Culture Gilberto Gil almost immediately after they took office. It characterizes both the significant successes achieved during the two mandates of Lula's rule of power, and the considerable problems that had to be faced on the way to the implementation of numerous plans and projects, as a result of which they were only partially implemented.