No 2 (2023)

The article is devoted to the analysis of the economic relationships of the European Union with the integration associations of Latin American and the Caribbean countries (LAC) on the basis of agreements in force for two decades of the 21st century. The article shows that, despite the different formats of Latin American integration process and its difference from the European model, the European Union is progressively negotiating the development of existing trade agreements. It includes the need of their modernization taking into account new areas of cooperation: the issues of sustainable development and the environmental component, digitalization trend, and post pandemic recovery. The author comes to the conclusion that cooperation through the processes of regional integration on both sides of the Atlantic will remain one of the main features of interregional relations in EU-LAC format. The experience of such an economic partnership can be useful for the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), as well as for Russia's international economic positions in the LAC countries.

The article examines the interpretation of the class struggle as a conflict between races in the Republic of Haiti. The ideas about class and race in the Haitian communist literature and in the theory of Duvalierism are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the legacy of Dessalines (1803-1806), the first leader of independent Haiti.

The article is devoted to the study of the movement of Mayan figurines on the international markets of antiques. A detailed description of the stages of the formation of the legislative framework related to the protection of historical and cultural heritage monuments at both the international and regional levels is given. This made it possible to identify chronological loci in which there was an active process of forming private collections of terracotta. The article represents the results of the analysis of auction data from 9 English- language and French auction houses. Possible ways of getting the figurines to auctions are analyzed in detail. A special place is given to the analysis of hammer prices. Various options for the movement of the figurines after the auctions are considered in detail.

Conclusions are drawn about the number of put up for auctions and sold figurines, and the dynamics of their sales over the past twenty years, taking into account the percentage of sales relative to the total number of figurines put up for auction over the past four years. Using the example of Maya terracotta, some results are summed up about the role of auction trade in the field of introducing terracotta figurines into scientific circulation as a historical source.

A comprehensive description of the national Roman Catholic Church is presented on the example of one of the Latin American countries. Based on the synthesis of initial information and analytical processing of data presented on the official electronic web-sites of individual dioceses of the National Catholic Church of Chile, the main types of social activities of the majority religious institute of the country are revealed. The results prove the fact that despite the sharp decline in adherents of Catholicism in the population structure in recent decades, the Church remains an influential public institution that duplicates some functions of the state. Providing material support to the poor and vulnerable segments of the population, advisory assistance in the adaptation of immigrants, vocational training and retraining of those who need employment, conducting public educational and cultural events, etc. are highlighted among the types of social responsibility implemented by the Roman Catholic Church of Chile.

The territorial and administrative structure of the religious organization under consideration is reflected in detail. The coefficient of territorial concentration/diversification` is calculated. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that there is a high degree of unevenness in the placement of church parishes of the Roman Catholic Church of Chile within the country.

This article deals with the problem of creating a “new society” in the state of Yucatan (Mexico) during the period of Salvador Alvarado, which marked the beginning of revolutionary changes in the region. The central element of the educational reform of S. Alvarado was the spread of the rationalist school, which was based on the principles of demonstrativeness, scientific character and harmonious development of the individual. The complex ethnosocial structure of the region, in which more than half of the population were Indigenous peasants, set the new revolutionary government the task of integrating the Mayan population of Yucatan into the modern civilizational space. It was the main purpose of the “Ciudad Escolar de los Mayas”, which was opened in 1917 - a boarding school destinated exclusively for the education of the Maya. The functions of “Ciudad Escolar de los Mayas” were to combat illiteracy, teach basic hygiene rules, modern agricultural methods and small trades, as well as to prepare the future rural teachers. An analysis of archival documents relating to the functioning of the “Ciudad Escolar de los Mayas” made it possible to determine the main factors that influenced the failure of this educational project, namely: dramatic change in the habitat and habitual way of life, which caused an epidemic of diseases among boarding school students, the resistance of parents and owners of haciendas, as well as insufficient material equipment of the educational institution. The main results of the educational policy of S. Alvarado were the creation of a legislative framework that guarantees the availability of school education, the development of pedagogical thought, and the designation of Indigenous education as a special sphere of state policy.

The review is devoted to the book which analyzes the historical origins and the "first steps" of Latin American Trotskyism. The monograph presents the vivid "country portraits" of the emergence and the following ups and downs of the Trotskyist movements’ development in such countries as Spain, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Bolivia and Mexico. The review considers and analyzes the individual chapters of the book. The reviewer concludes that the study makes a significant contribution to the study of Trotskyism as a global and Latin American political phenomenon.