Physics of Atomic Nuclei
The topics of publications include issues of experimental and theoretical studies of the structure, spectra and properties of radiation nuclei, fission and nuclear reactions caused by photons, leptons and hadrons; fundamental interactions and symmetries; particle collisions at high and ultra-high energies; gauge and unified quantum field theories, quark models, supersymmetry and supergravity; articles on astrophysics, cosmology, and mathematical problems of nuclear physics are also published. The journal is peer-reviewed and included in the Higher Attestation Commission List. Since 2010, it has been part of the RISC system. The journal was founded in 1965.
Media registration certificate: 0110204 dated 05.02.1993
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Том 88, № 4 (2025)
ЯДРА. Эксперимент
Benchmark Experiments Using Neutrons Produced by 21.5 MeV Proton Irradiation of a “Thick” Beryllium Target
Аннотация
A total of 77 experimental values of reaction rates for the (n, 2n), (n, p), (n, pn), (n, α), (n, γ), and (n, f) channels were obtained in the neutron spectrum generated by 21.5 MeV protons irradiating a beryllium target. The measurements were carried out using both natural and highly enriched samples of the following elements: natNi, natZr, natNb, natCd, natTi, natCo, 63,65,natCu, 64Zn, natIn, natAl, natMg, natFe, natAu and natTh. The experiments were performed using the activation technique without destructive analysis of the irradiated samples. Reaction products were measured via γ-ray spectrometry employing two coaxial high-purity germanium (HP Ge) detectors and one planar detector. The acquired γ-spectra were processed using the GENIE2000 software suite. Independent and/or cumulative reaction rates were calculated using the SIGMA code. In total, 77 reaction products were identified, with half-lives ranging from 9.458 minutes (27Mg) to 5.27 years (60Co). The resulting dataset was utilized to assess the predictive capabilities of the PHITS-3.31 code coupled with the JENDL-5 nuclear data library, as applied to the modeling of blanket systems in hybrid reactor facilities.
Physics of Atomic Nuclei. 2025;88(4):305-316
305-316
Production cross sections of fission products via 20.9 MeV proton irradiation of 232Th
Аннотация
Using the activation technique without chemical separation, cross sections for the production of 119 fission products — from 72Zn to 151Pm — belonging to 32 different chemical elements (Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Br, Se, Kr, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Xe, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm) were measured under independent irradiation of two metallic 232Th foils with 20.9 MeV protons. The irradiations were carried out at the NS-21M facility, based on the I-2 linear proton accelerator, and lasted 1 hour and 1 minute. The proton flux was determined using monitor reactions natCu(p, x)62Zn and natCu(p, x)63Zn. The obtained results, together with data from other authors available in the EXFOR database and our previously measured data (also included in EXFOR) for proton energies of 100, 200, 800, 1200, and 1600 MeV, are presented in the form of excitation functions and mass yield curves. The fission product cross sections of 232Th were modeled using the PHITS-3.31 code with the INCL4.6/GEM, JAM/GEM, and Bertini/GEM models for 42 proton energies in the range from 0.01 to 3 GeV. Cumulative cross sections for fission products in the mass range 72 < A < 151 were computed using custom software based on the independent cross sections obtained from PHITS-3.31 output. For selected proton energies (20.9, 100, 200, 800, 1200, and 1600 MeV), a comparison between calculated and experimental results was performed using standard statistical criteria (, and ), allowing evaluation of the predictive performance of each model implemented in PHITS-3.31. In addition, the GEF2023/2.1 code was used to analyze the mass yields of 232Th fission products.
Physics of Atomic Nuclei. 2025;88(4):327-344
327-344
Production cross sections of 233, 232, 230Pa and 231Th via 20.9 MeV proton irradiation of 232Th
Аннотация
This study presents the production cross sections of 232,230Pa resulting from proton irradiation of 232Th at an energy of 20.9 MeV. In addition, the excitation functions of 233Pa and 231Th produced via proton-induced reactions on 232Th in the energy range from 0.02 to 1.6 GeV are analyzed, with consideration of the possible contribution of secondary neutrons to their formation. The production cross sections for all reaction products were measured using direct gamma-ray spectrometry without chemical separation. The obtained experimental data are compared with results reported by other authors, as well as with calculated excitation functions generated using the PHITS-3.31 code (INCL4.6/GEM, JAM, and Bertini models) and the TENDL-2023 nuclear data library.
Physics of Atomic Nuclei. 2025;88(4):317-326
317-326
ЭЛЕМЕНТАРНЫЕ ЧАСТИЦЫ И ПОЛЯ. Эксперимент
Study of the solar neutrino interaction with 128,130Te nuclei and the large Baksan neutrino telescope project
Аннотация
The interaction of neutrinos with tellurium nuclei 128 and 130 has been studied, taking into account the influence of charge-exchange resonances. The paper presents calculations of the cross section of solar neutrino capture σ(Eν) by the isotopes 128Te and 130Te. Both experimental data on the strength functions S(E), obtained in the charge-exchange reaction (3He, t) and the S(E) functions calculated within the framework of the microscopic theory of finite Fermi-systems were used. The influence of the resonant structure S(E) on the calculated capture cross sections of solar neutrinos was studied and the contributions of each of the high-lying resonances to the capture cross section σ(Eν) were identified. The contributions of all components of the solar neutrino spectrum were calculated. The contribution of background solar neutrinos to the double beta decay of 130Те nuclei was estimated.
Physics of Atomic Nuclei. 2025;88(4):345-355
345-355
Capture of High-energy Electrons by Protons
Аннотация
Calculations of the cross section of weak interaction of protons and high energy electrons has been performed. Computations were produced on the base of the Standard Model. It is shown, that the capture cross section of GeV-electrons by protons has an order of 10−38 cm2, what, for example, is six orders higher than the cross section of reactor antineutrino capture by protons. Possible experimental applications of considered process are discussed.
Physics of Atomic Nuclei. 2025;88(4):356-360
356-360
ЭЛЕМЕНТАРНЫЕ ЧАСТИЦЫ И ПОЛЯ. Теория
Relativistic four-nucleon calculations with rank-one separable potential
Аннотация
A solution to the relativistic generalization of the four-particle integral Faddeev–Yakubovsky equation is carried out. Only states with zero orbital angular momentum, S states, are considered in the calculations. A rank-one separable potential for the nucleon–nucleon interaction is used to solve the two-nucleon Bethe–Salpeter equation. Calculations are carried out taking into account both the “3 + 1” and “2 + 2” subchannels in the equation. The system of integral equations is solved by the iteration method and the binding energy of the helium-4 nucleus is found. The calculated results are compared with experimental data and nonrelativistic calculations.
Physics of Atomic Nuclei. 2025;88(4):361-366
361-366
Radial and Tangential Friction Coefficients: Derivation of Formulas, Calculation and Application in Simulation of the Collision Process of a Spherical Projectile Nucleus with a Deformed Target Nucleus
Аннотация
The issue of accounting for radial and tangential friction in the entrance channel of the nuclear reactions and , occurring with an impact parameter not equal to zero, is considered. Reaction are simulated in the approximation of the frozen deformation degrees of freedom of the colliding nuclei. The shape of the target nucleus is elongated, the symmetry axis of the target nucleus is oriented arbitrarily in a plane drawn through the vector of the initial momentum of the projectile nucleus and the center of mass of the target nucleus. The shape of the projectile nucleus remains spherical throughout the entire collision process of the initial nuclei. The paper considers the dynamic evolution of two degrees of freedom of a system, namely, a parameter describing the distance between the centers of mass of colliding nuclei and a parameter describing the orientation of the target nucleus. It is shown that consideration of tangential friction between colliding nuclei makes it possible to get rid of the overestimation of the probability of capture of a projectile nucleus by a target nucleus at high angular momenta. The simulation results are compared with experimental data and with the results of calculations performed in the previous version of the model.
Physics of Atomic Nuclei. 2025;88(4):367-378
367-378