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Vol 63, No 2 (2023)

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Articles

A New Species of Golden Loach (genus Sabanejewia, Cobitidae) from the Sea of Azov Basin

Vasil’eva E.D., Vasil’ev V.P.

Abstract

A new species of golden loach is described from the Don River basin. This species is distinguished from all other Sabanejewia species by the following set of characters: a midlateral row of relatively large 9–16 (more often 13–14) dark blotches along flank usually well developed; no black line along flank; interspaces between midlateral blotches usually with dark pigmentation; some individuals with uniform dark lateral coloration; dorsal fin origin usually in front of pelvic fin origin; body relatively low: body depth noticeably less than the length of the caudal peduncle, usually does not reach 17% standard length—SL, it is contained more than 6 times in SL; dorsal adipose crest on caudal peduncle very weakly developed, ventral crest poorly visible; two black spots at caudal fin base usually merge with each other. Previously, this species was considered conspecific for S. baltica distributed in the Black and Baltic Sea basins, but recent phylogenetic studies have shown that they belong to separate mtDNA phylogenetic lineages

Voprosy ihtiologii. 2023;63(2):127
pages 127 views

X-ray Microtomography Study of Cranium, Pectoral Fin and Girdle, and Weberian Apparatus Development in Juvenile Triplophysa stewarti (Nemacheilidae)

He Y., He D.K.

Abstract

The stone loach genus Triplophysa is a major component of the Tibetan Plateau ichthyofauna, and its taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships are far from resolved. Skeletogeny patterns contain useful phylogenetic signals, but developmental data for Triplophysa are scarce. Here, we present an X-ray microtomography study of the development of the cranium, pectoral fin and girdle, and Weberian apparatus of juvenile Triplophysa stewarti (12–55 mm standard length). We reveal that the smallest juveniles possess a fontanelle and well-developed Weberian ossicles. Furthermore, the development of the cranium, pectoral fin and girdle, and bony capsule of the Weberian apparatus is illustrated, such as the suturation of preethmoid I to prevomer, the reduction of pectoral radials from four to three by fusion of the most internal two. A paired bony capsule fully enclosing the anterior swim bladder room characterizes the Weberian apparatus of nemacheilid and balitorid loaches. Our data demonstrate that the anterior wall of the bony capsule originates from a vertical plate expanded from the descending process 2, which is a homologue to the “anterior plate” in the superfamily Cobitoidea sensu lato, with the exception of Cobitidae. The lateral process 2 separates from this anterior plate. The horizontal process 4 expands anteriorly to meet the anterior wall, and when posteriorly expanded and curved downward, finally fuses with the bottom wall to close the bony capsule. Accelerated or retarded development of the aforementioned skeletal structures will result in differentiated features in Triplophysa and related nemacheilid genera.

Voprosy ihtiologii. 2023;63(2):128
pages 128 views

Vertebral Column Variation of Mudskippers (Gobiidae: Oxudercinae): Early Stages of Water-to-land Transition

Tran L.X., Nguyen T.T., Vo T.T.

Abstract

Carrying a gravitational load requires modifications of the skeletal system during water-to-land transition of vertebrates. Early stages of the transition are little known due to incomplete and scattered fossil deposits which can be fulfilled by examining extant amphibious fishes facing analogous conditions. In the present study, we compared vertebral morphometrics of eight oxudercine gobies (Parapocryptes serperaster, Pseudapocryptes elongatus, Oxuderces nexipinnis (low terrestrial); Boleophthalmus boddarti and Scartelaos histophorus (moderate terrestrial), Periophthalmus chrysospilos, Periophthalmodon schlosseri, and Periophthalmodon septemradiatus (high terrestrial)) to gain understanding of the vertebral modifications during land invasion. Results show that the higher terrestrial species possess higher flexibility of the vertebral column, heavy ossification of the neural and haemal spines in the caudal region, and the dorsal twisting feature of the caudal base which could serve effective terrestrial locomotion and allow to perform various body postures. The flexibility of the anterior portion of the caudal region could serve the tail standing and leaping of some mudskippers. We tentatively presume that terrestrial locomotion of oxudercine gobies is endowed by flexibility of the vertebral column and heavy ossification of the caudal vertebrae.

Voprosy ihtiologii. 2023;63(2):129
pages 129 views

Modern Concepts on the Origin and Distribution of Acipenserids (Acipenseridae)

Ruban G.I.

Abstract

The current data on the place and time of origin of Acipenseriformes and the family Acipenseridae, as well as on their distribution in connection with the history of the development of sea and river basins, are summarized. The supposed areas of the initial radiation of Acipenseriformes and their long-term habitation were in eastern Laurasia on a part of the modern Chita Region, Eastern and Central Mongolia, and northern and northeastern China. The eastern part of Asia should also be considered the place of origin of the family Acipenseridae. The widespread distribution of Acipenseriformes was facilitated mainly by the formation of diadromous forms from primarily freshwater species, the origin of which is associated with multiple transgressions and regressions of the ocean. Modern potamodromous acipenserids were probably formed as a result of the return of anadromous forms to living in fresh water; i.e., they are secondarily freshwater species

Voprosy ihtiologii. 2023;63(2):130
pages 130 views

Separated by Space and Time but United by Kinship: Phylogeographical and Phylogenetic History of Two Species of Eleginus (Gadidae) Based on the Polymorphism of Cyt b Mitochondrial DNA Gene

Chikurova E.A., Orlov A.M., Shchepetov D.M., Orlova S.Y.

Abstract

Fishes of the genus Eleginus (Gadidae) are typical representatives of the ichthyofauna of the Northern Hemisphere; they play an important trophic role in the marine ecosystems of the Arctic and North Pacific and serve as targets of commercial and artisanal coastal fishing in many areas of the Russian North and Far East, as well as in areas of the coast of Alaska and northern Japan. The level of knowledge about the intraspecific organization of representatives of the genus Eleginus that is necessary for the rational exploitation of their stocks remains insufficient and their interspecific relationships have so far been analyzed using limited materials. This paper presents the first study of the interspecific relationships and intraspecific structure of navaga (E. nawaga) and saffron cod (E. gracilis) using a large-scale material (986 specimens in 29 samples from most of the species ranges) based on analysis of the polymorphism of mtDNA gene Cyt b. It is shown that they are independent, genetically differentiated species and their comparison with representatives of the genus Microgadus indicates that both species of the genus Eleginus might originate from a common ancestor close to M. proximus, while the divergence in the genus Microgadus occurred much earlier. Data on the haplotypic composition of saffron cod samples inhabiting areas from the Peter the Great Bay to Alaska waters and navaga samples inhabiting areas from the White Sea to the Ob Bay of the Kara Sea are given, which makes it possible to consider the phylogeographic history of both species and their intraspecific organization within the studied areas. Three groups can be distinguished for saffron cod: (1) Pacific–Japanese–Sakhalin group, (2) Chukchi–Bering seas group, and (3) intermediate group, which includes samples from the Sea of Okhotsk and waters of the northern Kurils.

Voprosy ihtiologii. 2023;63(2):131
pages 131 views

Zoogeographic Analysis of the Features of Temperature Preferences of Fish of the European Part of Russia

Smirnov A.K.

Abstract

Analyzes of temperature preferences of fish and cyclostomes 54 species, inhabiting fresh water bodies of the European part of Russia are presented. It is shown that the main temperature criteria of the fundamental ecological niche (optimum, limits, and spawning temperatures) cannot be used as a clear sign of the species attribution to a particular faunistic complex. Nevertheless, these criteria are, apparently, a certain reflection of the climatic conditions in time of the species origin and development. Among the studied fish and cyclostomes, two separate groups of “northern” cold-water and “southern” warm-water species are identified. Their presence results from the historical features of the ichthyofauna formation in the region. The outlined in recent decades climatic trend towards an increase in water temperature probably favors the spread of the southern group representatives to the north, which can lead to further restructuring of competitive relations in fish populations and cause changes in the boundaries of their ranges.

Voprosy ihtiologii. 2023;63(2):132-143
pages 132-143 views

Distribution of Dragon Poacher Percis japonica (Agonidae) in the Russian Territorial Waters in the Sea of Japan

Solomatov S.F., Antonenko D.V.

Abstract

The research outcomes of spatial and bathymetric distribution of dragon poacher Percis japonica are reported based on the bottom trawl surveys carried out in the Russian territorial waters in the Sea of Japan. The species can be found in the waters along the entire coastline. However, its spatial distribution pattern is variable. Thus, its distribution is sparse off the coasts of West Sakhalin, especially off the southern part of the island, while the species tends to congregate in the Peter the Great Bay and the Tatar Strait, where the locations of the species across these water areas remain almost unchanged throughout the year. With respect to the Northern Primorye Coastal Zone, the even distribution is typical for the entire water area, without any high congregation locations. Therefore, the dragon poacher can be found in wide ranges of depths and temperatures. However, its preferable ranges are substantially narrower. The highest values for available biomass resources are typical for the water areas off the Northern Primorye Coastal Zone.

Voprosy ihtiologii. 2023;63(2):144-151
pages 144-151 views

Biology and Distribution of Stellate tadpole-goby Benthophilus stellatus and Don tadpole-goby B. durrelli (Teleostei: Gobiidae)

Boldyrev V.S., Basko Y.V., Vipkhlo E.V.

Abstract

Size-age and sex population structure have been studied for the aboriginal stellate tadpole-goby Benthophilus stellatus and Don tadpole-goby B. durrelli in the Don River basin. The females of Don tadpole-goby mature at a body length of about 35 mm, stellate tadpole-goby females, at 50 mm. Most breeders of Don tadpole-goby (~74%) are characterized by one-time spawning, stellate tadpole-goby spawns three times. The duration of the breeding season is about 3.5 and 1.5 months, the individual absolute female fecundity is 0.2–0.6 and 1–3 thousand eggs, respectively. All breeders of Don tadpole-goby die after spawning in the second year of life, an insignificant part of stellate tadpole-goby population lives up to three years. The food spectra, size and biotopic variability, the degree of food similarity, and the selectivity of food organisms in both species have been analyzed. The species are characterized by the similarity in feeding and high feeding flexibility. In the Tsimlyansk Reservoir, the main food objects for tadpole-gobies are mosquito larvae and the mollusk Lithoglyphus naticoides, in the lower reaches of the Don River, various crustaceans. We assume three species of tadpole-goby (Don, stellate tadpole-goby and Makhmudbekov tadpole-goby B. mahmudbejovi) inhabit currently in the Volga River reservoirs. Don tadpole-goby has also settled in the lower reaches of the Volga River. Apparently, its range includes the Black Sea, in addition to the native Sea of Azov and newly mastered Volga River basins.

Voprosy ihtiologii. 2023;63(2):152-169
pages 152-169 views

Distribution and Some Aspects of Biology of Hozukius guyotensis (Sebastidae) in the Area of the Emperor Seamount Chain

Kurbanov Y.K., Michalutin E.A.

Abstract

Based on the materials collected in the course of longline fishing in the area of the Emperor Seamount Chain, new data on the occurrence, distribution, and some features of the biology and ecology of Hozukius guyotensis have been presented. It has been shown that it is a common species in the ichthyofauna of the studied area. It is observed on the peaks and in the slope area of the Nintoku, Lira, and Koko seamounts at depths of 385–1015 m; its largest catches are typical for the range of 500–700 m. In the catches, H. guyotensis was represented by individuals 32–73 cm long and weighing 0.45–5.27 kg. Presumably, the species begins to mature at a length of 44–46 cm; the main stage of its reproduction takes place in spring.

Voprosy ihtiologii. 2023;63(2):170-178
pages 170-178 views

Biological Characteristics of the Great Sculpin Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus (Cottidae) from Pacific Waters off the Kuril Islands and Southeastern Kamchatka in Autumn Period

Poltev Y.N.

Abstract

The spatial distribution, size-sex composition, feeding of Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus and accompanying species in the Pacific waters off the northern Kuril Islands and southeastern Kamchatka in the autumn period are considered. In August–November 1997, this species was represented in catches by individuals with a length of 30-89 (on average 47.8 ± 0.5) cm and a body weight of 300–11000 (2321 ± 90) g. Females dominated over males; the sex ratio was 1.2 : 1.0. The relationship between the body weight and length of great sculpin is described by the exponential equation: W = 0.0031FL3.446 (R2 = 0.935). The food spectrum of great sculpin includes fish (56.2% of the diet), mainly the walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus and Atka mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygius (19.9 and 11.9%, respectively); fish processing wastes (19.6%), mainly heads of Atka mackerel (12.2%); as well as decapods (18.6%), mainly the snow crab Chionoecetes opilio (14.1%). As great sculpin grow, decapods are replaced by fish in the diet and walleye pollock is replaced by Atka mackerel and Liparidae. The size and sex composition and feeding patterns of great sculpin as well as the species composition of the accompanying species differed in some parts of the surveyed area. The co-occurrence of great sculpin with walleye pollock and the northern rock sole Lepidopsetta polyxystra was 100%.

Voprosy ihtiologii. 2023;63(2):179-191
pages 179-191 views

Morphometric Characters and Feeding Habits in the Early Ontogenesis of Kildin Cod Gadus morhua kildinensis (Gadidae) from Lake Mogilnoe (Kildin Island, Barents Sea)

Stroganov A.N., Strelkov P.P., Mukhina N.V., Stogov I.A.

Abstract

Kildin cod Gadus morhua kildinensis is a subspecies of Atlantic cod with extremely small population size, listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation, which inhabits the waters of a small meromictic lake on the Kildin Island (Barents Sea). Comparative studies of morphobiological characteristics and feeding habits of Kildin cod in the juvenile period were conducted for the first time. Comparison of sample sets of adult Kildin cod and fingerlings on the basis of multivariate analysis of variance demonstrates a high degree of differences in the complex of morphometric characters. The diet of the analyzed sample set of Kildin cod fingerlings consisted of ostracodes (Ostracoda), larvae of polychaetas (Polychaeta), cladocerans (Cladocera), and gammarids (Gammaridae). The special features of changes in the diet of Kildin cod in the early ontogenesis are discussed.

Voprosy ihtiologii. 2023;63(2):192-198
pages 192-198 views

Feeding Features of the Nine-Spined Stickleback Pungitius pungitius (Gasterosteidae) In Water Bodies of the North-West of Russia

Berezina N.A., Zhgareva N.N., Strelnikova A.P.

Abstract

The diet of the nine-spined stickleback Pungitius pungitius has been studied in two water bodies in the north-west of Russia: in the subarctic lake Krivoe (Karelia) and the estuary of the Neva River (Leningrad Oblast). Diptera larvae (Chironomidae, Ceratopogonidae, Simuliidae, and Limoniidae) and planktonic crustaceans formed the basis of the food bolus of fish; however, their abundance and weight ratios differed in the studied water bodies. The seasonal changes of the dominant groups of food objects of the stickleback of Lake Krivoe have been revealed. Additionally to invertebrates and fish eggs, which form the basis of the stickleback diet in winter season, aquatic mosses as well as filamentous and diatom algae present in the fish diet in summer. The comparison of the nitrogen isotope composition of the muscles of stickleback, perch, and invertebrates shows that the stickleback of Lake Krivoe occupies the third trophic level, approaching predatory fish in δ15N values (5.2–8.6‰). A specific feature of the diet patterns of P. pungitius is the transition from a diverse diet of the summer–autumn period to a monotrophic animal diet (chironomid larvae and fish eggs) of the under-ice winter–spring period.

Voprosy ihtiologii. 2023;63(2):199-208
pages 199-208 views

Tributary-Specific Contribution to a Lacustrine Mixed-Stock Fishery of Brown Trout Salmo trutta (Salmonidae) in a Diverse Sub-Arctic Watershed

Mikheev P.B., Prusov S.V., Erkinaro J., Samokhvalov I.V., Dolotov S.I., Potutkin A.G., Orell P., Seppänen M., Kopylov I.S., Puzik A.Y., Easton R., Reid M., Closs G.

Abstract

Mixed-stock fisheries which simultaneously cause mortality amongst several populations of a species of fish may occur where separate stocks partially or completely overlap in the geographic area of harvest. This study aims to analyze the population-of-origin of adult and subadult adfluvial lacustrine brown trout Salmo trutta, exploited in a mixed-stock fishery in Upper Tuloma Reservoir in Eastern Fennoscandia, using otolith microchemistry. To evaluate the origin of migratory brown trout captured in these mixed-stock harvest fisheries, we undertook otolith sampling of brown trout juveniles in fluvial spawning and rearing habitats in the reservoir watershed, including 13 natal tributaries across the catchment of the reservoir in both Russia and Finland. Harvested adult and subadult brown trout otoliths were sampled from the impoundment in the central area of the reservoir and we analyzed for stock-related character differences to compare with known populations, using trace element signatures, with fish from the mixed stock fishery. The assignments-of-origin in the mixed-stock fishery-harvest samples did not follow the known distribution of populations sampled from natal streams in the watershed. For example, brown trout from the largest tributary catchments of Lotta River and Nota River were less represented in the mixed-harvest sample, which was contradictory to their contribution to the overall spawning and rearing areas of the catchment. These results point towards the importance of maintaining the diversity of different spawning and rearing tributaries required for brown trout recruitment into mixed stock fisheries, and the potential of the existence of population structure of brown trout in the reservoir catchment. Our information suggests that it is important to develop conservation and management strategies for natal habitats in multiple streams utilized by adfluvial lacustrine brown trout populations inhabiting various catchments and that are harvested in mixed-stock fisheries.

Voprosy ihtiologii. 2023;63(2):209
pages 209 views

Predictions about the Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Salmonidae) Catches on Iturup Island

Zelennikov O.V., Myakishev M.S.

Abstract

The pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha spawners which otolith marks created at fish early age at the Kurils and Reidov fish-rearing stations have been studied; fish breeding data and fishing statistics have been analyzed. At the end of the spawning run of pink salmon, only fish of the fish-farm origin have been caught near the fish-rearing stations. More than that, the pink salmon spawners return to the stations of their release (although with rare exceptions). The catches of the pink salmon on Iturup Island are on average 1.6 times greater in even years than in odd years. The increase of the fish stock in odd years significantly depends on the breeding of juveniles in fish farms. There is a positive statistically significant relationship between the filling of spawning grounds with pink salmon spawners and its catches in the Prostor and Kurilsky bays two years later.

Voprosy ihtiologii. 2023;63(2):210-217
pages 210-217 views

Hematological and Genotoxic Indicators of the Freshwater Beam Abramis brama and Prussian Carp Carassius gibelio (Cyprinidae) in the Volga Delta

Konkova A.V., Faizulina D.R., Shirina Y.M., Bogatov I.A., Astafieva S.S., Zhukova K.A.

Abstract

The occurrence of erythrocytes with micronuclei and DNA damage was detected by the comet assay in freshwater bream, Abramis brama, of age 3–4, and prussian carp, Carassius gibelio, of age 4–5 from Volga delta in September 2021. The average frequency of erythrocytes with micronuclei in the studied fish es was within the normal range for cells formed during spontaneous mutagenesis (0.5–1.0‰). Further, 25% freshwater bream and 26.6% Prussian carp exceeded this limit. The genetic damage index (GDI), which reflects primary DNA damage, was 0.21 ± 0.03 and 0.26 ± 0.02 in freshwater bream and Prussian carp, respectively. Further, it correlated (r = 0.71, p < 0.05) in Prussian carp with the occurrence of erythrocytes with micronuclei. Hematological and biochemical parameters of the mentioned species were within typical limits for fishes residing in water bodies with a weak anthropogenic load. The results allow considering the existing conditions of the freshwater bream and Prussian carp in the Volga delta as quite favorable in relation to the genotoxic situation.

Voprosy ihtiologii. 2023;63(2):218-225
pages 218-225 views

Diagnostic Value of Biochemical and Histopathological Characteristics of the Round Goby Neogobius melanostomus (Gobiidae) in Assessing of Aquatic Environment

Sigacheva T.B., Gavruseva T.V.

Abstract

Study of the transformation of biochemical reactions into histopathological alterations is of importance for their correct use as the biomarkers for early biodiagnostics of the aquatic environment quality. The purpose of the present investigation was to analyze the biochemical characteristics (activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, level of oxidized proteins and lipid peroxidation, albumin and urea concentrations) in tissues of round goby Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814) with different degrees of histopathological alterations. The results of histopathological studies in liver, gills and kidneys of this fish revealed twenty four pathological alterations referring to five types of disorders: circulatory disturbances, inflammatory reactions, progressive and regressive changes, and benign tumors. The relation between some pathological changes (necrosis of nephrocytes, necrosis and atrophy of individual renal tubules; necrosis of hepatocytes) and biochemical parameters (activity of alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase, level of lipid peroxidation) in round goby tissues was found. We demonstrate high diagnostic significance of the combined use of biochemical and histopathological parameters in round goby tissues for assessing the aquatic environment quality.

Voprosy ihtiologii. 2023;63(2):226
pages 226 views

КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ

New Species of the Damselfish Genus Chromis (Pomacentridae) from Vietnam

Prokofiev A.M., Astakhov D.A.

Abstract

A new species, Chromis oligactis from the coast of Khanh Hoa province (Vietnam, South China Sea) has been described, which is characterized by a moderately deep body (contained 2.2 times in the standard length), fin formula D XIV, 10; A II, 10; P i, 15–16; three spiniform procurrent rays of the caudal fin, 26 gill-rakers in the outer row on the first arch, and 19 perforated scales in the anterior lateral line. The holotype of the new species was caught at shallow depths, which is not typical for Indo-Pacific species of Chromis with 14 spinous rays in the dorsal fin.

Voprosy ihtiologii. 2023;63(2):227-232
pages 227-232 views

First Finding of Larvae of an Undescribed Species of the Genus Lyconus (Lyconidae) in the North Pacific Ocean

Bolshakova  Y.Y., Evseenko S.A.

Abstract

The first illustrated description of two larvae of the rare deep-water genus Lyconus from the North Pacific Ocean has been given. The studied specimens differ from the previously described larvae of L. pinnatus in complete and uniform pigmentation of the body. The new materials complement the existing ideas about the geographical distribution of representatives of the family Lyconidae – this is their first finding in the waters of the Pacific Ocean.

Voprosy ihtiologii. 2023;63(2):233-237
pages 233-237 views

New Record of the False Pike Conger Eel, Congrhynchus talabonoides (Anguilliformes: Congridae) from the Arabian Sea

Kodeeswaran P., Ajith Kumar T.T., Kumar Lal K.

Abstract

The False Pike Conger Eel, Congrhynchus talabonoides Fowler, 1934 (n = 5) was reported for the first time from the southwest coast of India, Arabian Sea, previously the species was known only from Taiwan, Philippines and Andaman Sea. Diagnostic characters for the species have been provided. Further, the mitochondrial COI gene was generated and the phylogenetic position of C. talabonoides is discussed.

Voprosy ihtiologii. 2023;63(2):238
pages 238 views

A Comparative Study of the Leukocyte Formula of the Peripheral Blood, Head Kidney and Spleen of the Bream Abramis brama (Cyprinidae) in the Middle Volga Reservoirs

Suvorova T.A., German  A.V., Mikryakov D.V.

Abstract

A comparative study of the leukocyte formula of peripheral blood, the head section of the kidney and spleen of the bream Abramis brama, inhabiting the reservoirs of the Middle Volga (Kuibyshev, Cheboksary and Gorky), was carried out. In the studied fish, a predominance of lymphocytes and a low content of neutrophils were recorded in the peripheral blood and spleen. In the head kidney of the breams from the Kuibyshev Reservoir, a significantly high level of blast forms of cells and a low level of neutrophils were noted, and in individuals from the Gorky Reservoir, a low content of monocytes and the absence of eosinophils were noted compared to fish from other reservoirs.

Voprosy ihtiologii. 2023;63(2):239-243
pages 239-243 views

The Ratio of Leukocytes in Peripheral Blood and Immunocompetent Organs of Chars of the Genus Salvelinus (Salmonidae) in the Lake Kronotskoe Basin

Gordeyev I.I., Mikryakov D.V., Balabanova L.V., Suvorova T.A., Kuzmicheva S.V., Busarova O.Y.

Abstract

The cellular composition of leukocytes in the peripheral blood, head kidney and spleen was studied in individuals of three species of chars of the genus Salvelinus, white char S. albus, long–headed char S. kronocius and long-nosed char S. schmidti, as well as two forms, small-mouth and large-mouth chars living in Lake Kronotskoe. In the studied individuals, the proportion of lymphocytes of leukocytes in the peripheral blood was significant. The forms (species) of chars differed in the proportion of cell types, the size of leukocytes, as well as the intensity of leukopoiesis. The most significant differences in the proportion of different forms of leukocytes were found in the large-mouth char compared to other species and small–mouth char: high content of lymphocytes in blood smears, low content of monocytes in all tissues and organs, blast forms in the blood and neutrophils in the pronephros.

Voprosy ihtiologii. 2023;63(2):244-248
pages 244-248 views

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