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No 1 (2023)
ТЕХНИКА ЯДЕРНОГО ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТА
Beam Transverse Phase Space Portrait Tomography at the High-Intensity Linear Accelerator of Hydrogen Ions
Abstract
An implementation of the tomographic reconstruction of the beam transverse phase space portrait based on fast simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique, which is rarely used in accelerator physics, is presented. The developed diagnostic procedure has been performed at the INR RAS high-intensity linear accelerator of hydrogen ions and has been experimentally tested in the beam energy range from several tens to several hundred MeV. The applicability of data from different beam-profile monitors is shown, and the tomographic method is compared to the standard transverse profiles method. A procedure for verifying reconstructed data is proposed for use in transfer matrix codes, and examples of its use in case of significantly nonelliptical phase portraits are presented
5-22
The Signal-to-Noise Ratio of a Silicon Tracking System Module for the BM@N Experiment
Abstract
A module with a double-sided microstrip silicon sensor is the basic element of the silicon tracking system (STS) for the BM@N experiment. The signal-to-noise ratio is the main parameter of the tracking system for a high-energy physics experiment, which is determined by the complex influence of the parameters of the detector and the front-end electronics. An analytical model of various noise sources is presented, and parameters determining the efficiency of charge collection from the detector are discussed. The noise has been measured for several module configurations differing in the sensor size and the length of the signal cable connecting the sensor strips to the input circuits of the front-end electronics. Results of measurements of the signal from a 106Ru β-source are presented. It is shown that the signal-to-noise ratio for STS modules is at least 18.
23-32
Beam Tests of the Prototype Data-Processing System for the Silicon Tracking System of the BM@N Experiment
Abstract
A silicon tracking system is one of the main parts of the BM@N experiment. It is based on double-sided microstrip silicon detectors with front-end electronics controlled by data flows. The performance of the front-end electronics, as well as of the timing and data-acquisition systems, has been verified by carrying out beam tests at the LINAK-200 linear electron accelerator with an electron energy as high as 200 MeV. The tests demonstrated the reliable operation of the prototype system for data acquisition and readout
33-40
Application of a Capacitive Charge-Sharing Circuit for Reducing the Number of Readout Channels of Multichannel Semiconductor Detectors with p–n Junctions
Abstract
The article considers an electronic circuit that, in some cases, makes it possible to significantly reduce the number of readout channels in a silicon coordinate detector based on a matrix of p–i–n structures (strip- or pad-type) without a loss in the coordinate measurement accuracy. The electronic circuit is a chain of external capacitors that connect the structures of the detector. When one of the structures is hit, a signal propagates along the chain of capacitors of the capacitive divider to the nearest readout channels and it is possible to determine the original number of the hit structure by the change in the signal value. The proposed circuit was mathematically simulated for typical parameters of the detector and readout electronics. The mathematical model allowed us to optimize the circuit parameters depending on the parameters of the detector and readout electronics. The simulation results are confirmed by experimental measurements on several prototypes of the device. It is shown that, in certain application cases, when a detector signal is high enough, e.g., when nuclei with Z > 6 are registered, one can achieve, by using standard low-noise operational amplifiers, the accurate recovery of the number of the hit structure in the chain consisting of at least 30 structures by reading only two extreme structures.
41-55
ЭЛЕКТРОНИКА И РАДИОТЕХНИКА
Power System for Industrial ILU-Type Electron Accelerators
Abstract
The device and principle of operation of the pulse modulator, which is the power-supply system for the ILU series accelerators, as well as some features that arise during its operation, are described. The modulator is a device that is a nonlinear load for the supply network, as a result of which, in all phases of the supply network, an asymmetry of the current form occurs over the period of the network. This leads to the appearance of a constant current component in the phases of the supply transformer. To solve this problem, current balancing of the start time of modulators was proposed. Using this method, it is also possible to equalize the values of effective currents in phases. Another problem is the possibility of the appearance of higher harmonics in relation to the supply frequency in the phases of the power-supply network. To reduce the values of higher harmonics, it is proposed to install additional inductances in each phase of the power-supply network up to the modulator, which makes it possible to reduce the harmonic coefficient by half.
56-61
Automated Multifunction Stand for Mass Measurement of Pin Photodiodes’ Characteristics
Abstract
To control the parameters of PIN photodiodes during their mass production, a high-performance automated multifunctional stand has been developed. The stand provides measurement of dark current, capacitance at operating voltage, and response to a light signal with simultaneous connection of up to 16 photodiodes and successive verification of their characteristics.
62-65
A Compact Pulse Magnetron Microwave Generator Based on a Solid-State Switch
Abstract
A pulsed magnetron system generating high-energy microwave pulses with a frequency of 400 Hz and an average power of 0.5 kW is described. To generate a magnetron current pulse, a circuit with 12 identical transistor modules with an operating voltage of 800 V, which are connected in series to the primary winding of a high-voltage pulse transformer with a transformation ratio of 3.5, is used. Thus, a voltage pulse with an amplitude of up to 26 kV and a 25-A current with an adjustable duration of 100–500 ns is formed. Experimental data of the system operation into the pulsed microwave magnetron and an equivalent load are presented
66-73
ОБЩАЯ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ ТЕХНИКА
Studies into the Spectra of Pulsed X-Ray Radiation of Hybrid X-Pinch Plasma
Abstract
The technique in experimental studies of the spectral composition of X rays of hybrid X-pinch plasma with wires of 13Al aluminum, 42Mo molybdenum, and 47Ag silver is described and the results are presented. The experiments were performed in the energy range from 0.5 to 15 keV using detectors based on lithium fluorides LiF(Mg, Ti). The electron temperatures of plasma for aluminum, molybdenum, and silver were Те ≈ 0.35, 0.48, and 0.40 keV, respectively. The energy of hard radiation of hybrid X pinches was measured for the first time.
74-79
Loss of the Emission Power in LEDs
Abstract
A classification of the radiation power losses of the LED active layer is proposed based on the analysis of the known literature data and the structure of structurally designed LEDs. Active and passive power losses are distinguished. Passive radiation power losses do not affect changes in the quantum yield of the active (working) layer of an LED and/or the forward branch of the volt–ampere characteristic, but they can be detected as anomalies in the LED lighting characteristics. A method for determining the passive power losses of radiation from the active layer of LEDs is proposed. Using the example of IR LEDs fabricated on the basis of AlGaAs heterostructures, the effectiveness of controlling passive losses of the LED emission power in the study of their operational properties is shown.
80-86
A Small-Size CuBr Laser with a High-Frequency Charging Unit of a Storage Capacitor
Abstract
The development results of a small-size copper bromide vapor laser with pulsed charging of the storage capacitor are presented. A specific feature of the developed device is a high-frequency charging mode of the working capacitor (over 200 kHz). Moreover, the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of laser emission can be varied from 12 to 36 kHz. The developed power supply was used to excite the active element. The length of the active element was 50 cm and its diameter was 2 cm. The emission power was 1.6 W at a PRF of 36 kHz. In this case, the consumption power of the power supply was 750 W.
87-91
Measuring the Temperature and Intensity Distributions of Infrared Laser Radiation on the Surface of a Solid Body in a High-Pressure Cell
Abstract
A new scheme of an optical system with separated channels for laser heating of a sample in a high-pressure cell and measurements of the distributions of temperature and intensity of infrared (IR) laser radiation is proposed. This separation was achieved by introducing a polarizing cubic beam splitter between the high-pressure cell and the objective of the optical system of the measuring channel. It is shown that the introduction of a beam splitter does not increase the chromatic aberrations of the optical system of the measuring channel nor does it distort the measured temperature distribution. In the scheme in the heating channel, a movable focusing lens provides a wide spot of high-power infrared laser radiation on the sample and a smaller temperature gradient. In this scheme, there is no overheating of the optical elements in the heating channel, which makes it possible to carry out a long-term effect of high-power laser radiation on the sample in high-pressure cells.
92-99
Realization of Two-Wire and Four-Wire Electrical Resistance Measurement Schemes in Dynamic Experiments
Abstract
The realization of schemes for measuring rapidly changing resistances in dynamic (explosive) experiments is considered. Practical schemes of two-wire and four-wire resistance measurement techniques are presented. The results of the application of the described techniques in an explosive experiment are presented.
100-111
ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ ПРИБОРЫ ДЛЯ ЭКОЛОГИИ, МЕДИЦИНЫ, БИОЛОГИИ
A Mobile Full-Revolving Radiometric Complex for Astronomical and Atmospheric Research
Abstract
A radiometric complex for astronomical and atmospheric research in the 3-mm wavelength range has been developed. The radiometer is assembled according to the modulation scheme with a mechanical obturator based on oversized quasi-optical waveguides. A Cassegrain antenna with 1° far-field pattern at a −3 dB level is used as the antenna system. Calibration is carried out using a built-in noise generator. The receiving system of the radiometer, together with the antenna, is placed on a two-coordinate turntable for observations in a selected region of the celestial sphere. Control, as well as capture and processing of experimental data, are performed remotely using the developed software.
112-119
High Precision Measurements of Thermal Deformations of Spacecraft Reflectors
Abstract
The results from measuring thermal deformations of surfaces that were obtained during tests of reflectors under the influence of outer-space factors are presented. The objects have parabolic and hyperbolic shapes, their diameter ranges from 600 to 1200 mm, and thermal deformations are measured at different stages of thermal cycling. The error of the measurements performed using a thermal vacuum chamber was estimated to be lower than 1 μm.
120-131
Precision Instrumentation for Measuring Ultraweak Optical Emission from Biocultures
Abstract
Precision instrumentation for measuring ultraweak optical emission from biocultures has been developed. A small-sized unit for detecting optical radiation in the single-photon counting mode based on sensitive photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) with a differential discriminator circuit in each PMT channel has been created. A new four-channel detector system has been designed for detection and processing of electromagnetic oscillations generated by microorganisms in the active and resting phases. The characteristics of the optical emission from Saccharomyces boulardii have been investigated
132-139
ЛАБОРАТОРНАЯ ТЕХНИКА
A “Microscope” Stand for Verification of Microwave Radio Interferometers
Abstract
The device and principle of operation of the “Microscope” stand for determining the measurement error of reflecting-surface movements are described. The stand is developed on the basis of a BMI-1 instrumental microscope; a glass line measure of the second accuracy class is used as the comparison standard. A theoretical assessment of the measurement error of the reflecting-surface movement using the “Microscope” stand is given. The technique of verification of microwave radio interferometers using the developed stand and the results of determining the error of the microwave radio interferometer according to the presented method are presented.
140-144
Planar Magnetron with Rotary Central Anode Sputtered by an Ion Beam
Abstract
A planar magnetron with a rotating central anode has been developed. The central flat anode, which functions as a target sputtered by an ion beam, is installed with the possibility of rotation and at an angle of 45°–50° relative to the direction of incidence of the sputtering ion beam, and the anode rotation axis coincides with the symmetry axis of the ion beam. Calculation of the sputtering coefficient of the central copper anode of the magnetron shows that, under oblique incidence of sputtering ions and all other conditions being equal, the sputtering coefficient of the copper anode of the magnetron increases from six to nine atoms per incident ion, while the maximum accuracy of sputtered copper atoms on the growth surface of the substrates is achieved. The planar magnetron of the proposed design has wider functionality, in particular, in the synthesis of nanostructured TiN–Cu composite coatings. The homogeneous globular structure of the growth surface of the TiN–Cu coating with globule sizes in the range of 50–100 nm indicates a normal (unfaceted) growth mechanism. The microhardness of the coatings is approximately 42 GPa.
145-148
ПРИБОРЫ, ИЗГОТОВЛЕННЫЕ В ЛАБОРАТОРИЯХ
149-150
151-153
154-155
СИГНАЛЬНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ
АННОТАЦИИ СТАТЕЙ, НАМЕЧАЕМЫХ К ПУБЛИКАЦИИ В ЖУРНАЛЕ ПТЭ
156-164
ПРАВИЛА ПУБЛИКАЦИИ В ПТЭ
165-168