Fungal Azaphilone Pigments as Promising Natural Colorants

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Abstract

Abstract—Microscopic fungi form and excrete numerous and diverse secondary metabolites, including pigments of various colors, which may be used as an alternative to chemical and plant colorants used in industry. Azaphilone compounds, first discovered in fungi of the genus Monascus, are among the promising classes of fungal pigments. The review analyzes the publications on formation of azaphilone-type pigments in Monascus fungi, as well as in Talaromyces and Aspergillus сavernicola. Brief information is provided concerning the antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and hypolipidemic activities of azaphilone pigments. is given. Possible strategies for increasing the efficiency of the production process and directed synthesis of yellow, orange, and red pigments and their derivatives are discussed. In general, the review provides for assessment of the role of azaphilone pigments, as well as of the prospects and ways to expand their production for use as natural dyes in various fields.

About the authors

T. V. Antipova

Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Scientific Centre of Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: tantipova@ibpm.pushchino.ru
Russia, 142290, Pushchino

V. P. Zhelifonova

Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Scientific Centre of Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: tantipova@ibpm.pushchino.ru
Russia, 142290, Pushchino

K. V. Zaitsev

Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University

Email: tantipova@ibpm.pushchino.ru
Russia, 119991, Moscow

M. B. Vainshtein

Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Scientific Centre of Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: tantipova@ibpm.pushchino.ru
Russia, 142290, Pushchino

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